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Publications of Pupysheva Natalia Valentinovna
Man and Culture, 2020-6
Pupysheva N.V., Boronoev V.V. - Pulse diagnostics of the Tibetan medical tradition: the experience of objectification of the basic principles of pulse diagnostics using a pulse diagnostic device. pp. 35-55

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8744.2020.6.34260

Abstract: The study shows the experience of objectification of the basic characteristics of pulse waves in the diagnosis of the pulse of the Tibetan medical tradition. An experienced doctor – specialist in Tibetan pulse diagnostics can assess the functioning of the body (twelve internal organs and three psychophysiological systems) by feeling the pulse at six palpation points on the radial arteries of both wrists of the patient. The purpose of the study is to "teach" a pulse diagnostic device to recognize the diagnostically relevant characteristics of pulse waves. This study is an attempt to objectify the basics of pulse diagnostics. Although pulse diagnostics has always been a subjective art of a talented doctor, its basic knowledge can become part of an objective science, since it is based on real physical phenomena. Method. The article presents a method for measuring the pulse with a pulse diagnostic device in conditions that create certain predictable reactions of the body to an external stimulus, contributing to the calming of the rlung (wind) system in this case. A group of volunteers took part in the experiment. Conclusion. Such experiments provide material for the analysis of pulse waves obtained under specially created conditions, which contributes to the development of software for a pulse diagnostic device and confirms that the objectification of the basic provisions of pulse diagnostics of Tibetan medicine is possible, albeit to a limited extent. Similar studies based on the material of the Tibetan medical tradition have not been conducted anywhere else. The work consists of three parts: the first part is an extensive introduction, which provides information about Buddhist medicine and pulse diagnostics, without which it is difficult to understand the essence of the experiments conducted; the second part is devoted to the actual experimental measurements of the pulse using a pulse diagnostic device; the third part is the conclusion and conclusions drawn from the experiments conducted.
Philosophical Thought, 2018-4
Pupysheva N.V. - Interpretation of the principles of pulsation in terms of Tibetan medicine pp. 66-78

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8728.2018.4.25843

Abstract: The subject of this research is the fundamental theoretical regulations of Tibetan medicine, which being a part of Buddhist teaching, has a clearly determined scientific foundation. The object is the philosophical and methodological grounds of diagnostics and treatment of diseases in Tibetan medicine. The basic terms that describe the functionality of human physic and physiology is the system of five great elements, represented on psychophysiological level as the system of three bases. The disturbance of balance of these three bases leads to health disorders. A hypothesis is put forward on functionality of the vector model of subject-object response on the psychic level (emotional expressions) and its extensive interpretation on the physiological level; at the same time it is describes as the foundation of physiological pulsation. The article provides an overview of the Dhatu system (places of manifestation of great elements in the body), as well as mutual effect of the great elements of external and internal environment. Mutual functioning of three bases of the body underlies the pulse diagnostics, as well as pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical treatment of diseases. The article analyzes the basic body functionality and principles physiological pulsation. A conclusion is made that the system of great elements has become a methodological foundation for the perception of the knowledge in Buddhism, which allows reconstructing the process of physiological pulsation in its relation with the phenomena of psychic sphere and more in-depth comprehension of such connections.
Philosophy and Culture, 2017-4
Pupysheva N.V. - Ontological Foundations of Buddhist Ethics in the Vajrayana Symbolism pp. 95-103

DOI:
10.7256/2454-0757.2017.4.22646

Abstract: The subject of this study is the emotions of the higher level, (or altruistic emotions like loving kindness, compassion, joy, equal attitude to all and bliss) that are symbolically designated in Buddhist tantric texts. The object of this research is Buddhist tantric literature that contains information on the structure of the emotional sphere of a person. On the basis of the original Tibetan sources (the Vajrabhairava and Vajrasattva sadhanas), the basis of a Buddhist mandala has been shown where five innate structures of the consciousness are symbolized. These structures are characterized in three aspects: the male aspect, the female aspect and the structural aspect – that of belonging to a certain “great element” (mahabhūta). The research has shown that these texts contain symbolic information on the process of purifying the mind. The nature of the emotions of higher level, i.e. of altruistic emotions, is shown as identical to the deep nature of consciousness. Impulses of the altruistic emotions occur in everyday life of an ordinary person alongside impulses of the egoistic emotions (ignorance, desire, anger, pride/greed, envy that are inseparable with human physiology). The research shows that the impulses of the altruistic emotions become values that are cultivated in the process of the self-education, self-perfection of a personality and acquiring real inner freedom. The process of purifying the mind that is symbolized in the Buddhist mandala reflects the ontological basis of the Buddhist ethics.
Man and Culture, 2016-6
Pupysheva N.V. - Typology of personality within the system of Tibetan Buddhist medicine pp. 40-48

DOI:
10.7256/2409-8744.2016.6.21180

Abstract: This article pursues correlation between the typologies of personality by Western authors and the typology of personality of the Tibetan Buddhist and Ayurvedic medical traditions that use a specific language for the personality typology description and interpretion in the context of the «great elements»  system (mahabhūta – earth, water, wind, fire), which on the physiological level is narrowed down to the notion of «three humors» of an organism (wind, bile, phlegm). Analyzing the original sources, the author demonstrates that these traditions base the typology of personality on domination in specificities of the body, physiological processes, and psyche of one or another "beginning" of an organism or its combinations. Comparing the principles of personality classification of such Western philosophers and psychologists as Kretschmer and Sheldon with the Tibetan Buddhists tradition in Ayurveda, this work illustrates that the foundation of views upon the typology of personality of the Buddhist and Ayurvedic medical traditions lies in the theoretically substantiated and verified by the century-long practice theory of personality that differs from the European in its description language, which in turn, is based on the alternate philosophical perception of the world.
Man and Culture, 2016-6
Pupysheva N.V. - Symbolic language for the description of human nature in Buddhism pp. 30-39

DOI:
10.7256/2409-8744.2016.6.21469

Abstract: The subject of this study is a special symbolic language used in the Buddhist teaching for a comprehensive description of a person (the physiological and psychological constituents of a personality) within the framework of the characteristic to Buddhism integral approach towards personality. The object of this research is the system of "great elements" of Indian origin (mahabhūta, i.e. earth, water, wind, fire and space) that, on the physiological level, are condensed into the "three humors" of an organism (phlegm, bile and wind). The analysis carried out in the paper allows revealing the conceptual peculiarities of the terms  through viewing them in accordance with the principles of Tibetan linguistics on three levels of the meaning (literary meaning; verbal meaning, which represents the conceptual matrix of the term; and true meaning, revealed through the pragmatics of the text). Based on examination of the complicated hierarchic structure of meanings of these terms, the author concludes that the use of this system allows interpreting texts, which describe different levels of the reality. It results in the productive method of presentation of the knowledge in Buddhist doctrine and makes it possible to include the knowledge on human as the personality into the general context of concepts about the world, using the universal language of description. The article provides the examples of interpretation of the phenomena of different levels of reality, applying the system of "great elements".
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