DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2017.5.22350

Abstract: Cognitive closure is a mechanism of cognitive activity that saves one's psyche from excessive, contradictory and needless information. This construct is widely used to describe cognitive styles and explain certain socio-psychological mechanisms, mass communications psychology and psychology of religion. Apparent cognitive closure relates to such factors as stereotypization, dogmatism, rigidity of attitudes and aggressive response to conflicts. The author makes an assumption that in order to save psyche from needless information, one may try to avoid communication, certain types of interpersonal relationships or excessive involvement. The hypothesis was experimentally proved based on the research that involved 140 people. The author has used such diagnostic tests as Cognitive Closure Orientation by A. Kruglyansky and Destructive Attitudes in Interpersonal Relationships Test by V. Boyko. The results of the research prove the following: cognitive closure and communicative attitudes are mostly related through the assertiveness parameter. Thus, assertiveness has a negative correlation with most cognitive closure factors. In the same way, accumulation of negative impressions of communication with others has a negative correlation with love for order, assertiveness and cognitive closure. 

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.5.19564

Abstract: Russian researches of Buddhism psychology are mostly philosophical and offer explanations of Buddhist realities and their analysis from the point of view of modern science, however, there is very little that has been done in the sphere of their empirical verification. The present research intends to contribute to the creation of the 'psychological portrait' of contemporary Russian Buddhists. The subject of the research is distinguished features of communication stereotypes demonstrated by contemporary Vajrayāna Buddhists and atheists. These distinguished features are viewed as a proof of successful development of certain personal traits through well-directed Buddhist's practice. Attitudes demonstrated by Buddhists in their interpersonal relations are studied using Boyko's inventory. 70 Buddhists were studied. The results of their tests were compared to the results demonstrated by the control group of another 70 people. Within the framework of the present research attitudes are viewed as a psychological mechanism creating certain cognitive and behavioral orientation which, in its turn, sets the most probable vector of one's behavior. Buddhists demonstrate lower levels of aggression in response to aggresive actions and more positive attitude to others and events. Thus, well-directed Buddhist practice can develop and fortify certain attitudes, in thsi case - tolerance towards others and a positive attitude to interpersonal relations. 

DOI: 10.7256/2409-8736.2016.3.19563

Abstract: This article examined the problem of inclusive education from the perspective of sociology of education.  An attempt to implement the inclusive education is considered a zone of social controversy. The transformation of specialized educational facilities into the inclusive is rather rapid and does not take into account that the educational facilities are not ready to provide a quality learning process. Especially there are multiple flaws in providing education for the deaf and hearing-impaired students. The subject of this work is the opinion of the deaf and hearing-impaired students, pedagogues and sign language interpreters working in educational facilities for the deaf, with regards to the modern status and prospects of the inclusive education. Among the positive features of inclusions the respondents consider the increase of social adaptation of the deaf and hearing-impaired, as well as the tolerance of society towards people with disabilities. However, the prospects of acquiring a quality education are assessed as negative if compared with specialized education. The majority of the respondents voted for the ability to make choice between the two educational systems. The opinions of the targeted audience adequately reflect the discourse among pedagogues: the schools are not ready for the inclusion; and currently such technique is rather inclined towards socialization, which in many ways contradicts the quality of education.