Abstract: The present article is devoted the development of the Russian education system. The author of the article describes theoretical grounds for the current developmental path of education in Russia and gives a description of Anglo-Saxon and Romano-German education systems. Educational strategy and various aspects of interpretation of education are also considered. Relying on V. Slobodchikov's, A. Ostapenko's, A. Muravev's and A. Shuvalov's researches the author pays special attention to the anthropological approach to interpreting education that allows to reveal a true mission of education, i.e. formation of the human in a human. Within the anthropological interpretation of education, the anthropological principle as the practice of cultivation and formation of subjective abilities in a human is being realized. The research methodology is based on the comparative analysis and synthesis of scientific sources on the problem of education systems and educational models. The basic results of the carried out research are recommendations about formation of the Russian education system as the optimum convergence of existing education systems constructed on the basis of the principle of reasonable balance, i.e. identity of theoretical and practical education, within the framework of the anthropological approach that reveals the true humanitarian side of education which is the development of the human in each human.