Abstract: This article is written using the material of cohort sociological study on the reproductive behavior of families that have oncologically ill child. Oncological disease of a child causes crisis transformation of the entire family system aimed at adjusting of a family to the new living circumstances. The goal of the work consists in consideration of reproductive demands along with the conditions for their realization in families with onclogically ill child. Using the method of questionnaire, 1085 of reproductive age, who have a child with oncological disease in remission, have been examined. For pursuing correlation, the author used data of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service acquired in 2009. Statistical processing was conducted through the Chi-squared test; for pairing was applied the Bonferroni correction. It indicated the substantially higher reproductive orientations and parenthood status, which quantitatively express the greater desire for children and fuller level of realization of present demand within the studied cohort. Such data positively correlates with the values of family-parenthood lifestyle, as well as confirmed by the high level of consolidation of families during the treatment period, and lower portion of extramarital relations or couples in such families with regards to the nationwide data. The author characterizes the specificity of medical and social conditions in such families, as well as socio-psychological processes that impede the realization of existing desire for children. It is demonstrated that among the respondents, the desire to have three or more children is mostly associated with the transformed values, rather than living conditions. Demographic policy regarding the families that have children with disabilities must be aimed at improving the living conditions of this group of families alongside their general and reproductive health.