Abstract: The transport insurance in the developed countries is a process of compensation of economic damage to those affected as a result of theft or use of their vehicles. Transport insurance in Russia indemnifies the participants of traffic, to third parties, who inadvertently fall victim to a road accident. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of trends in transport insurance. The aim of the article is to study the development of transport insurance market in Russia at the present stage. The authors examine the place of transport insurance within the sectoral structure of various types of insurance, as well as suggest a scheme of the system of socioeconomic relations within the framework of transport insurance. The analysis of specificities of the Russian insurance market alongside the main trends is being conducted. In establishment of an insurance fund on protection of property rights of private and corporate entities, transport insurance can be viewed in form of the system of socioeconomic relations, in which the insurance fund is intended for compensation of losses associated with the use of a vehicle, with the help of insurer, and considering the internal and external factors. Transport insurance is a type of insurance, which compensates for the losses incurred as a result of the partial damage of any type of vehicle or its complete destruction. The analysis demonstrates that the vast majority of accidents and incidents in 70% of cases happen due to the human factor. Further research should be aimed at the institutionalization of the security system of socioeconomic relations in transport insurance, taking into account the dynamics of road accidents, their causes, violations by the insurance companies, dealers, or insurers.