DOI: 10.25136/2409-7543.2018.2.22794

Abstract: The subject of the study is the safe and reliable operation of the engineering and technical composition of airfields. The object of the study is the means of collective protection against aircraft noise. The authors consider examine such aspects of the topic as ensuring the proper protective and operational characteristics of collective protection equipment for the purpose of their effective operation by the engineering and technical composition of airfields. Particular attention is paid to such features of the topic as the methodological provision of ergonomic expertise as a tool for comprehensive assessment of the protective and operational characteristics of collective protection equipment. During the research methods of the theory of reliability, collection and processing of expert information, ergonomics, occupational medicine, hygiene, labor physiology, engineering psychology were used. The main conclusion of the study is that the developed methodology provides an objective ergonomic examination of collective protection against aircraft noise and can be used in selecting and testing collective protection equipment, as well as in justifying proposals for their improvement. The novelty of the study is determined by the ability to assess the effectiveness of collective protection facilities by combining objective and subjective assessments of the information characteristics of acoustic efficiency, operational and ergonomic properties.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2017.4.22866

Abstract: The subject of this study is the safety of vital activity of the flight and engineering-technical personnel of state aviation. The object of this study is the acoustic safety of professional activities of the flight and engineering-technical personnel of state aviation. The authors meticulously examine such aspects of the topic, as the assessment of working conditions of the flight and engineering-technical personnel of state aviation considering the noise and infrasound; risks of reducing the overall and professional performance due to the impact of the acoustic factor; as well as reliability of the flight and engineering- technical personnel of state aviation. Methodology of the research combines the methods of engineering acoustics, reliability theory, aviation medicine, occupational medicine, ergonomics, and probability theory. The main conclusion consists in substantiation of the need for developing and implementing the special means and methods to ensure the acoustic safety of professional activity of the flight and engineering-technical staff of state aviation as an integral part of the system for providing the safe aircraft operation. It is demonstrated that the system for preventing the negative impact of noise upon the aviation personnel must be comprehensive, as well as include technical and organizational measures, monitoring of the working conditions of flight and engineering-technical personnel, availability and proper application of the individual and collective noise protection, dynamic medical supervision over the flight and engineering-technical personnel of state aviation, with the implementation of a complex of medical-preventive and health-improving measures.

DOI: 10.7256/2453-8914.2016.2.20672

Abstract: The authors consider the use of counterpulsation therapy for urgent recovery of the functional reserves of the organism in sports, based on physical endurance. The medicinal effect of counterpulsation therapy is determined by the significant improvement of myocardial perfusion in the diastolic phase, the decrease of mechanical heart function of blood output and related effects, appearing in the result of intensive pneumomassage of lower extremities. The purpose of the research is the study of the possibility to use counterpulsation therapy as a method of urgent recovery of the functional reserves of high-skilled sportsmen. The research methodology combines the methods of sports medicine, sports cardiology, personalized medicine, rehabilitation medicine and adaptation physiology. The authors substantiate the conclusion that the effect of external counterpulsation therapy on the human organism and the possibility of the fast recovery of energy resources of cardiovascular and muscular systems are the sound reasons for the wide use of this method in the interests of development and implementation of effective rehabilitation and recovery methods in sports medicine. 

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2016.1.14000

Abstract: This article examines the problem of exploitation of aerodromes and aircrafts, as well as their impact upon the environmental security and human health. The authors note that the issues with the safe exploitation of aerodromes are associated with the intense advancement of the aviation technology, accompanied by the increase of the aircraft engines capacity and by the imperfection of the normative base that regulates the use of the adjacent areas t to airports, aerodromes, and aviation companies. As a result, it created a problem of anthropoecological security of aerodromes exploitation, which became an issue of the country’s national security. The authors conduct a socio-sanitary monitoring of the adjacent zones to aerodromes, the results of which are linked to the data from the monitoring of the acoustic circumstances, as well as characteristics of medico-demographical situation and morbidity of the population. The authors believe that provision of the anthropoecological security in exploitation of aerodromes and airports requires formulization and implementation of the new normative-methodological base considering the realities and international experience, as well as permanent socio-sanitary monitoring of territories adjacent to the aerodromes, airports, and aviation companies, in the interest of timely execution of the complex of preventive measures.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-7543.2016.1.18083

Abstract: The paper studies acoustic conditions and work environment at the workplaces of aviation specialists and heavy duty trucks drivers in order to reveal the peculiarities of joint effect of noise and infrasound with the purpose of developing the effective means, ways, and methods of protection against them. The simultaneous conditions of noise and infrasound at the specialists’ workplaces are considered in the article as a joint effect of the two harmful workplace factors worsening the working conditions and promoting the increase of chronic and work-related diseases. The research methodology combines the methods of hygienic studies, occupational medicine, evidentiary medicine, medical statistics, and medical acoustics. The authors conclude that under the conditions of a joint effect of noise and infrasound with the maximum spectrum in the sound range, the most frequent disease is the perceptive hearing loss (a work-related disease), and with the maximum spectrum in infrasound range – the nonspecific extracochlear pathology in the form of arterial hypertension (a work conditioned disease). The presence of frequencies of infra- and sound ranges in the spectrum of affecting noise, combined with their high level, should be taken into account when choosing the means and ways of personnel protection.