Abstract: The paper studies the two basic ideologemes of the modern political rhetoric of the People’s Republic of China: “the Chinese dream” and “harmonious culture”. Based on the wide range of materials, including the works of the modern Chinese political scientists of 2014 – 2015 and the works of the modern Russian and Western scholars, the authors reveal the content of “the Chinese dream” and “harmonious culture”. After the 18th Congress of the Communist Party of China, the realization of “the Chinese dream” has become the main purpose of domestic and foreign policy of the state. The main research method is the critical and analytical review of the most important expert opinions, including those of the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Xi Jinping, Chinese political scientists, Western specialists in the contemporary policy of China and Russian scholars analyzing the concepts of the “Chinese Dream” and “harmonious culture”. Besides, the authors apply the method of conceptual analysis to the ideologemes the “Chinese dream” and “harmonious culture”. The authors fix the concrete content of these ideologemes. Harmony is the main national worth according to the party and government documents of the modern China. The authors agree with the conclusions of those scholars who claim that the political rhetoric of contemporary China tends to traditionalism and nationalism, though the real economic situation and global transformations are connected with cosmopolitism and the newest foreign cultural practices and technologies. Chinese leaders attempt at solving this contradiction via an active use of the concepts “harmony”, “harmonious society” and “harmonious culture”. The concrete content of the “harmony” concept is defined as rhetorical triunity of Marxism, traditionalism and the newest cultural technologies typical for the Western countries.