DOI: 10.7256/2585-7789.2018.4.30066

Abstract: This article aims examine and analyze the main changes occurred in the regulatory framework for the design of children's institutions. The author demonstrates that on one hand, the emergence of sanitary and epidemic requirements improves the ecological condition of the territories of children's institutions, while on the other –  it reduces the standards imposed on the maintenance and equipment of such facilities. This leads to the fact that the pivotal role in the arranging interesting and diverse recreational area for the children in preschool educational establishment (PEE) is entrusted to the designers, management, and employees of PEE. The main research methods contain determination, comparison and analysis of several regulation that have been historically applied in designing of the preschool educational establishments. The uniqueness of the subject of research, namely the evolution of requirements towards designing of territory of the preschool educational establishment, defines the scientific novelty of this study. The author examines the origins and development of the terms “childcare center” (day care, nursery, preschool educational establishments); highlights the main stages in formation of childcare centers in Russia; explores the normative sources of various years that determine the historical trends (in form of a comparison chart) of changes in the regulatory framework for the design of PEE, as well as the requirements that underwent minor changes. The article reveals the primary trend in evolution of regulations for the design of childcare centers: sanitary rules and regulations contain not only the rules for the design, but also the description of sanitary and epidemic requirements (with regards to safety) for proper care and health maintenance of the children.

DOI: 10.7256/2585-7789.2017.1.22830

Abstract:   Qualitemetric methods in determining the quality standard allow quantitatively evaluate the quality of architectural environment of the public pedestrian spaces. Such evaluation must contain a sufficient amount of complex and singular indicators of quality of an object. One of the crucial complex quality indicators of the architectural environment of public pedestrian spaces lies in the quality of its visual environment. This article examines the two components (two singular quality indicators): assessment of the quality of visual environment from the perspective of videoecology, as well as assessment of the quality of visual environment from the perspective of condition and beautification. For obtaining objective results on the efficiency of functionality of architectural environment of the public pedestrian spaces, which allow acquiring objective and accurate information. Based on the methods of videoecology, the author develops the methodology of evaluating the quality of visual environment of the public pedestrian spaces that determines the quality standard of the visual environment of public pedestrian spaces alongside the directions for its improvement, as well as formulate practical recommendations. Accessibility of the means for conducting a graphical analytical examination tolerates the extensive application of this methodology in substantiating the assessment of design solutions and reconstructions of the established urban environment, increases the quality of inspections and accuracy of the results.