DOI: 10.25136/2409-8671.2019.2.29722

Abstract: The research subject is the discourse of political presence reproduced in Russia’s public sphere since the 2000s. The article considers the history of appearance of this concept in the public sphere and its penetration into the scientific one. The research object is the history of political thought in Russia. The author analyzes the polysemy of this term to attempt to study the specificity of formation and reproduction of public political concepts. The author assesses the prospect of their application in political practice as operational analytical categories. The research methodology is based on the critical discourse analysis. Using this scientific tool, the author considers the structure and the method of reproducing one particular discourse concept. The special author’s contribution to the research of the topic is the fact that he is the first to notice the randomness of using the term “political presence”. The author concludes that the term “political presence” needs to be strictly defined. It is necessary to give precise criteria to defining military, economic and political presence.   

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8671.2020.2.33344

Abstract: The article considers the problems of transition of African states to the south of Sahara from the position of the “hopeless continent” to the economic rise and raises the questions of conformity with these changes. The author gives special attention to the consequences of decolonization, the functioning of modern political institutions, the actions of the elite, the migration issues, labor discrimination of African migrants in Europe, and the aftereffect of economic presence of China in African countries. The author draws attention to the fact that the so-called raise had already been experienced by the Africal continent. Since the acquisition of independence, many texts have been published including scientific articles, describing Africa “on the rise”. However, in unfavorable conditions resulting from the policies of colonial powers, African states can’t overcome the lingering crisis due to internal reasons. Political elites are pursuing their policies for the convenience of former colonial powers rather than of their own state. The author’s personal attendance at the economic forum within the Russia-Africa summit helped collect unique materials and expert opinions of political and public leaders of African States about topical problems. The author analyzes the consequences of decolonization and the activities of modern “partners” and concludes that, in a time of resource shortage experienced by many countries, African states to the South of Sahara will face even more serious economic, ecological and social problems. Based on its past, Africa should find its own development path and protect its own interests and values. During the development of state and national strategies, a special role should be given to the issues of education, as it is the basis for the formation of human values and worldview for the future.