DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.2.40373

EDN: NDVNMT

Abstract: The article substantiates the necessity and possibility of integrating the environmental and systemic approach in the sociological study of the residential environment. The relevance of such integration is due to the complexity of the object – the residential environment – requiring the combined efforts of representatives of different professional communities (architects, urban planners, design engineers, sociologists, etc.), on the one hand, and the lack of conceptual foundations (language, general methodological and conceptual framework) for such an association, on the other. The importance of such studies for the subsequent social forecasting of the residential environment and the possibility of their application in connection with changes in the technologies used in the development of project documentation and the transition to the creation of information models is noted. The results of the work: 1) on the basis of a comparative analysis of concepts and studies within the framework of the "environmental" and "systemic approaches," their differences and similarities are revealed; 2) a definition of the residential environment is proposed; 3) on the basis of an analysis of the Russian regulatory framework for housing construction, the features of the modern use of a systematic approach in this area are shown; 4) the domestic tradition is presented a systematic (organismic) approach in the design of the living environment; 5) on the basis of theoretical reconstruction, a conclusion is made about the cognitive possibilities of tectology, in the research and formation of the living environment, the synthesis of existing approaches and the basis of promising interdisciplinary associations. Novelty: the potential of tectology, systems theory and system analysis as a promising methodological approach in the sociological study of the residential area, the synthesis of existing approaches and the unification of theorists and practitioners in its study, design and development is revealed. The results of the work are supposed to be used as a basis for the development of a methodology for a specific sociological study of the residential environment, its subjects and quality criteria.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.2.40061

EDN: RXOSZJ

Abstract: The author examines the history of the development of the architecture of medical institutions and the principles of its placement in the planning structure of the city of Khabarovsk. The analysis of expansion and development of medical institutions of the city of Khabarovsk from the end of the XIX century to the present day is carried out. Numerous examples of buildings of medical institutions are given, showing the main stages of development of this type of structures in the locality under consideration. The author analyzes the change in stylistic and compositional preferences in the organization of medical and sanatorium institutions. The perspective ways of further transformation of the sanatorium system in the aspect of architectural and urban planning design, taking into account regional peculiarities, are analyzed. In the course of the work, the following trends in the design of sanatorium and rehabilitation centers in the city were identified: 1) large block organization of the building, the formation of complexes; 2) emphasis on the intensity of treatment, the use of day hospitals; 3) individualization of design solutions, rejection of stereotypical hospital forms; 4) the formation of a humane space with therapeutic potential; 5) ecological approach and harmony with the environment. A systematic and comprehensive analysis of the subject of the study also revealed the main requirements for the formation of such institutions, such as the development of functional zoning and planning organization, taking into account the features of functionally new departments of treatment rooms with complex equipment and numerous communications.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.2.40793

EDN: STEWZC

Abstract: Modern urban development strategies are aimed at rationalizing land use, which leads to the search for inefficiently used territories, which include industrial conversion heritage - sites of liquidated production enterprises, modernized transport hubs. The object of the study is industrial fringe belts as a structural component of the city plan. The author considers the processes of formation of industrial fringe belts as a result of natural urban growth and their transformation in the dynamics of the development of a modern city. The analysis of the formation of industrial fringe belts in the planning structure of domestic and foreign cities is carried out. The international experience and legislative aspects of reconstruction of industrial and conversion heritage in the structure of a modern city are considered. The study summarizes theoretical views on the degraded industrial conversion territories. The main directions of transformation of industrial and conversion heritage in the structure of fringe belts are presented. Depending on the availability of valuable buildings and the size of the site, reconstruction may involve both the introduction of a new function with the preservation of architectural volume, and the total demolition of the existing buildings and the formation of a new spatial solution. The functional and spatial features of the fringe belt sites are described. The necessity of identifying the sites of industrial fringe belts as a single interconnected system for a more comprehensive assessment of the potential for the transformation of industrial-conversion territories is substantiated.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.2.40866

EDN: POPDZB

Abstract: The authors discusses the suggestive possibilities of new digital technologies in the dissemination and popularization of socially significant knowledge about traffic rules and safety. The modern Russian and foreign experience of social advertising about road safety is analyzed. It is shown that with the use of new technologies in social advertising on the topic of road safety, the role of suggestive influence based on the use of artistic metaphor and documentary naturalism increases. The author's typology of suggestive techniques used in modern social advertising to increase the persuasiveness of content and to enhance the socio-psychological effects of social advertising is proposed. There are such visual suggestive techniques carried out with the help of new technologies as special effects of transformation (including animation, changing the environment, changing the body) and the effect of presence (carried out through transmedia and interactivity). These techniques are complemented by a concise verbal presentation of the rules of the road in the imperative mood. The socio-psychological mechanisms of the impact of these techniques based on their special combination are analyzed. It is shown that the selected visual suggestive techniques are based on causing varying degrees of discomfort to the audience: from mild to completely unconscious – to shock, which becomes a favorable ground for the suggestion of a verbalized idea in the audio track and the credits of the video. It is shown that suggestive techniques in modern social advertising about road safety, carried out on the basis of new technologies, lead to the mental construction of the image of the city in the spirit of archaic fairy-tale models and initiation rites, and thereby largely ensure the effectiveness of such advertising. The results of the study can be used in socio-cultural practice related to road safety in a modern city.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.2.40756

EDN: CYFOIT

Abstract: The main subject of the article is the definition and typology of creative spaces. The goal is a search for an architectural solution for creative space in the university environment. Tasks: compilation of the terminological base of the study; typologization of public and educational creative spaces; formation of the creative cluster concept of the intercollegiate campus in Khabarovsk. The relevance of the topic is due to the growing demand for new university spaces, including those implemented within the framework of the federal program for the creation of world-class campuses, taking into account new forms and methods of organizing educational processes. Qualitative content analysis was used as a method in this article. In general, the methods of photofixation, sociological survey, modeling were used in the study. At the beginning of the article, the terminological base of the study is established, based on the difference in the etymology and semantics of the term "creativity". The first meaning of the term refers to the initiative of generating unusual ideas and social format. The second meaning refers to the process of producing new items, cultural phenomena and individual format. The analysis of the research of public creative spaces allows us to identify the main criteria of typology: according to the initial data, according to the functions, according to the method and purpose of the organization, according to the way the space is organized. The analysis of specialized workshops at universities with creative directions was based on the criteria of the educational process organization. The novelty of the research consists in an attempt to combine narrow-profile educational spaces of architectural and artistic directions with public creative spaces within the framework of the intercollegiate campus in Khabarovsk. The research hypothesis is the art and creative university spaces co-organization contributes to the fulfillment of the university mission 3.0.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.2.41041

EDN: FSHSOE

Abstract: The article presents the results of a study conducted by the authors with the support of the Russian Science Foundation grant "Architects and engineers of the eastern outskirts of Russia (second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries)". The features of a significant layer of regional wooden architecture, preserved in the capital of the Trans-Baikal Territory - the city of Chita, are considered. Based on the materials of field surveys and the State Archives of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the preserved objects and original designs of a number of buildings and structures for various purposes were studied. The wooden architecture of the city is viewed through the prism of the activities of the first city architects and engineers, as well as other masters of the building art who received professional education in the leading architectural and engineering schools of central Russia, as well as specialists who did not have a specialized education, but received the right to carry out architectural and construction work after passing exams at the Ministry of Construction Affairs in St. Petersburg. As a result, a complete systematized picture of the historical evolution of the wooden architecture of Chita was compiled, which was formed under the influence of all-Russian architectural traditions, but at the same time had its own distinctive features associated with the specifics of the development of the region and the personal ideas of the masters of architectural and construction art, as well as customers of architecture of this type.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.2.40766

EDN: HGXYYY

Abstract: The article is devoted to the consideration of the application of modeling technologies during the repair and restoration work of architectural heritage monuments. The author analyzes the methods of building a digital model, as well as the scope of its application. The subject of the article is the technology of information modeling. The purpose of the study was to identify the possibilities and means of using information modeling technologies (TIM) in the practice of carrying out restoration work on cultural heritage objects based on content analysis of available information resources devoted to this subject area, as well as information base, legislative acts and legislative projects regulating the use of information modeling technologies. The article presents the results of experiments and research confirming the effectiveness of the use of information modeling technologies in the practice of restoration work of architectural heritage monuments. The main conclusions confirm that information modeling technologies can significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of restoration work, allowing more accurately recreate and preserve historical objects in their original form. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the analysis of existing methods used for the construction and further application of information modeling technology in the practice of restoration works of cultural heritage monuments. General summary data on the methods can be used in the work of specialists in restoration, digitalization and conservation of historically important objects.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.2.43452

EDN: JURGZP

Abstract: The article is devoted to the issues of joint development of specially protected natural areas and adjacent small settlements of the Leningrad region. The relevance of the study is dictated by the need to find tools and solutions for urban planning regulation of such settlements for joint balanced coexistence and development with specially protected natural areas. The object of the study is small settlements located in the immediate vicinity of specially protected natural areas of the Leningrad region and under their direct influence. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the legal regulation of such settlements and their mutual location relative to specially protected natural areas. The study examines the main stages of the development of the network of specially protected natural areas of the Leningrad region, identifies seven types of mutual arrangement of specially protected natural areas and settlements of the Leningrad region: included, excluded, surrounding, overlapping, partially superimposed, adjacent (with a common border), separate. The features of the legal regulation of settlements adjacent to protected areas are analyzed and a number of problems of their joint development are formulated. The types of mutual location of settlements whose urban planning problems are not solved by the existing legislation are identified; possible tools are proposed that contribute to the consolidation of aesthetic and urban-environmental principles for the development of such neighboring territories.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.2.38331

EDN: RVDKTJ

Abstract: The subject of the article is the buildings of consular offices in the cities of Northeast China. The object of the study is the architectural features of the preserved buildings of consular institutions. The author examines and analyzes consular institutions during the period of their appearance and the formation of the basic principles of their design at the end of the 19th - first half of the 20th century on the territory of Northeast China. The historical prerequisites for the appearance of consular institutions are considered. The principles of the placement of consular offices in the cities of Manchuria are highlighted, depending on their status, transport links, the location of administrative zones of settlements and the peculiarities of the layout of Chinese districts. In the course of the study, the peculiarities of the location of consular buildings were revealed depending on the urban planning position in the urban structure and their significance. The architectural appearance of consular facilities is briefly analyzed, which is presented in the form of a generalized table of graphic images. It presents the preserved representative objects of consular institutions and enlarged decorative elements. The compositional and stylistic features of the buildings of consulates are analyzed. The main conclusions of the study are that consular offices were important objects for the formation of compositional structures of cities, raising their prestige. The architecture of the consular buildings, reflecting the stylistics of different countries, filled the cities with stylistic flavor, increased the level of improvement of the territories adjacent to these buildings.