DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2020.4.34972

Abstract: Deutzia is an ornamental flowering shrub valued for its abundant long-term flowering and the elegance of flowers shape. The research objects are the plants of 3 species and 1 variety of Deutzia in the Botanic Garden-Institute of VSUT (Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El Republic). Plants aged from 38 to 45 years grow in the exhibition “Fruticetum”. The study was conducted in 2015-2019. The height and diameter of plants crowns, their winter hardiness for the period from 1981 to 2019, the morphometric indicators of leaves and inflorescences, the possibility of vegetative propagation by herbaceous cuttings, and the size of annual plants were studied. According to the study results, the most hardy is Deutzia of Amur, which forms the highest shrubs. The long-leaved Deutzia has the longest leaf blades, Deutzia scabra ‘Plena’ has the smallest leaves. The long-leaved Deutzia has the largest inflorescences, Deutzia of Amur and Deutzia scabra ‘Plena’ have the smallest ones. Deutzia magnifica and Deutzia scabra ‘Plena’ have ornamentality advantage over other species due to the double flowers. For the maximum display of ornamental qualities, the plants need a successful overwintering. The greatest ability to reproduce by herbaceous cuttings is noted for Deutzia scabra ‘Plena’. The results of this study are important for the Deutzia application in the garden and park construction. In the landscaping of the republic settlements Deutzia is recommended for the target assortment.

DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2020.4.35337

Abstract: The subject of research in this article is social relations in the field of ensuring biological safety by means of administrative actions for the violations of legislation in the field of handling and disposing of animal and biological waste.  The purposes of the research are: analysis of doctrinal approaches to defining the terms “animal waste” and “biological waste”; legal assessment of using the provisions of the Administrative Offences Code of Russia establishing responsibility for the violation of rules of handling and disposing of the above mentioned types of waste; formulation of proposals aimed at the clarification of particular provisions of veterinary rules.  The research is based on general scientific and specific research methods (analysis, generalization, the formal-legal, comparative-legal and historical methods). They help the author to consider the evolution of the term “biological waste”, and to define its merits and flaws during the operation of the 1995 Veterinary rules for the collection and utilization of biological waste as compared with the current rules of 2020. The author analyzes disputable issues appearing in judicial practice when considering cases of the violation of veterinary and sanitary rules of biological waste disposal, and describes her own opinion which is not always in line with the position of commercial and regular courts. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the conclusion about the common goals of legal regulation of responsibility in the field of handling and disposing of animal and biological waste and the necessity to regulate them in one chapter of the Administrative Offences Code, rather than in different chapters as they are regulated now. The author states the necessity to clarify the terms “biological waste” and “animal waste” and to consider some of it as recyclable materials. The author attempts to differentiate between the types of waste under study and other types of waste (including food waste of animal origin).   

DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2020.4.35335

Abstract: The Russian Federation has a huge potential for the development of agricultural production. Sustainable agricultural development is the basis for ensuring the country's food security. The 2030 Rural Territories Sustainable Development Strategy of the Russian Federation emphasizes the necessity to develop environmentally determined agriculture strengtheninig the sustainability of ecosystems and sustaining life and activities of rural dwellers. The subject of the article is the importance of bioenergy as one of the promising areas of generating electricity from renewable sources for the sustainable development of agriculture, as well as its role in reducing the negative impact on the environment of agricultural production. Bioenergy as one of the high-tech components of the green economy allows us to ensure the return of organic agricultural waste to the production cycle. Thus, the development of bioenergy can make a significant contribution to solving the problem of agricultural waste disposal and at the same time provide rural regions with heat and energy, which is especially important for remote regions of the country with poorly developed infrastructure. At the same time, the need to attract initial investment is one of the main problems that prevent the widespread introduction of bioenergy facilities in our country. In the last decade, a number of positive developments have taken place in the field of legal regulation of renewable energy in the Russian Federation. Only through the development of legal regulation, taking into account the current Russian and foreign experience, can we create a truly effective renewable energy industry in the country – bioenergy, which will simultaneously solve the problems of environmental protection in agriculture.

DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2020.4.35935

Abstract: The article contains the results of the 2014 - 2018 phenology observation over 6 maple tree species (Acer L.) with natural habitats in North America. The objects of research were plants of the Botanical garden-Institute of VSUT: A. negundo, A. pensylvanicum, A. rubrum, A. saccharinum, A. saccharum, A. spicatum. The studied maples began growing at the end of April – the first decade of May and ended in October. The first, in the first decade of May, bloomed A. saccharinum and A. rubrum. Later blooming species were characterized by a longer flowering period, the latest and longest flowering within 20 days was observed in A. spicatum. Despite the different periods of flowering, the fruits of different species ripened relatively amicably, in the second half of September. The longest vegetation period was found in A. saccharinum (169±2.1 days), and this species is characterized by late autumn leaf blooming. The greatest period of autumn leaf blooming, more than a month, was characterized by A. spicatum. The studied species can be used in landscaping of the Mari El Republic settlements as part of an additional assortment, with the exception of A. negundo, which is a weed plant. Despite the similar timing of the passage of many phenophases, the variety of maples morphological features (shape and size of leaves, flowers and fruits, bark color, etc.) allows them to be used for decorative purposes. During the study period, the earliest passage of most phenophases was recorded in 2016, and the latest in 2017 and 2018.

DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2020.4.36180

Abstract: Agriculture solves the general tasks of its functioning, which are more focused on the implementation of three areas of activity, which include guaranteed food security in terms of the production of high-quality agricultural products, raw materials and food produced by domestic agricultural producers in volumes corresponding to medical indicators. It is also a decrease in the volume of import substitution of seeds in crop production and breeding material in animal husbandry and poultry farming, as well as imported equipment for the organization of food and processing products, veterinary drugs and other important needs for the agro-industrial complex. And the third direction includes the sustainable development of exports of agricultural and agro-industrial products to the global agri-food market. These tasks cannot be successfully solved in the conditions of using the existing outdated agricultural technologies, machinery and equipment. In order to improve these functions of agriculture, the digital platform "Digital Agriculture" was developed, which is an information database of a fairly large size about the resources of the agro-industrial complex. Digitalization, creating conditions for the development of "smart agriculture", affects the progress in agricultural relations. With the help of new technologies, the work of farmers will gradually move from manual, which requires great physical effort, to automated. With the help of drones and other drones, it will be possible to determine the structure of soils for planting certain crops.