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Politics and Society
Reference:
Shadrin, A.Y.
Crisis of the mobilization development model and
breakup of the Soviet Union (1945-1991)
// Politics and Society.
2013. № 8.
P. 994-1002.
URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=54113
Shadrin, A.Y. Crisis of the mobilization development model and
breakup of the Soviet Union (1945-1991)
Abstract:
The control system and ideologies are the two key levers for administration of the society in the conditions
of mobilization type of development. The efficiency peak of this model took place during the post-war period.
However, the overly hard pressures required support of coercion and convincing of the people by the personal
interests, and economy and social administration should be reorganized by taking some functions away from
the party apparatus to the specialists in economics. Therefore, the Soviet elite were functionally differentiated,
and the groups holding special interests appeared. After the death of I.V. Stalin the key issue was which of these
group shall lead the state. The Council of Ministers lost the grip, and its position was overtaken by the Communist
Party of the Soviet Union and the republican bodies, which led to the formation of another influential interest
group national elite. At the same time ideology became more chaotic. At the XX Party Congress the entire
existing state strategy was challenged, and the new utopian communism constructions were included into the
party program. The strife among the elites brought new political administration methods, which were based
on informal ties and relations. Each new Soviet leader was to a greater degree dependent on the relations among
the clans. The same was true for M.S. Gorbachev. Group interests found connections outside bureaucracy sphere
and ended up in direct contacts with the criminal spheres. The government lost legitimacy and the hopes of people
at the start of Perestroika were thwarted and lead to the great deep disdain towards Gorbachev himself and
everything that he personified, including the Socialist state order and the Union state.
Keywords:
history, history of the USSR, post-war history, break-up of the Soviet Union, politics and ideology, power, political leadership, model of development, mobilization model.
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