Социокультурные механизмы модернизации. Адаптационно-догоняющая стратегия политики переходного периода постсоветских обществ

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Abstract: The subject of this research is the phenomenon of modernization and its role in the current political processes. The goal of the article is the substantiation of the possibilities of implementing sociocultural mechanisms aimed at elimination of uncertainty of the transitional period in the post-Soviet societies. The author gives a detailed analysis to the adaptive-pursuant strategy of modernization, which simultaneously requires socialization of the society and establishment of the highly-qualified government structure. Individuals unprepared for changes cannot establish a modern state, and the unprofessional politicians cannot manage sophisticated dynamic processes. This work is based on the specifically devised and scientifically proven sociocultural concept, highlighting precise stages and phases of its realization. A special attention is given to the detection of factors that impede development of the society and formation of the sociocultural model of government. Focus is made on the problem of underestimation of the leading role of science, intellectual capital, and scientific foundation of state policy, without which the institutionalization of the processes is unattainable. An important role played theories of social mobility and social cooperation, as well as four principal standards of the “functional imperatives”: adaptation, targeted orientation, integration, and the theory of Talcott Parsons. Social changes serve as the social reformation of the post-Soviet societies. The author’s contribution into this topic is that the following questions are raised: 1) do the changes carry goal-oriented or spontaneous character (i.e. what is their nature); 2) what are the conditions for changes (basis and resources); 3) what needs to be changed, in what way, and by what means, etc.