Sociodynamics - rubric Heritage and transformations

Abstract: The subject of this research is agnosticism as the methodological principle of postmodernism, and gnoseological pessimism as its social reflection. The goal of the research is the determination of the social role of science during the postmodern era. The authors present the pros and cons arguments, for the first time appealing to various philosophical and sociological concepts, as well as phenomena in socio-political and socio-economic spheres, as well as people’s everyday life. The work uses the method of complex (interdisciplinary, retrospective, and behavioral) comparative analysis, which allows revealing the direct and indirect connections between the theory of cognition and social perception of science. The conclusion is made that in the era of postmodernism, science and its place in society undergo the changes similar to those that happened in religion centuries ago. The conducted complex analysis is capable of initiating a broad discussion about the role and place of science in the modern world.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-7144.2023.8.43700

Abstract: The subject of the research is the problem of finding the most effective ways of interaction of the existing institutional environment, as a set of state institutions and organizations, with such a part of the young population of the country as students. The purpose of this work is to identify promising communication technologies based on modern information technologies and tools for influencing the formation of institutional trust among students by public authorities, state institutions and their individual representatives in the context of the development of the global information space of the Internet. The following methods are used in the work: observation, analysis, system, structural-functional, synergetic methods. The novelty of this work lies in the formation of a system of methodological recommendations for the development of modern communication technologies as a factor in stimulating institutional trust in authorities on the part of students in the digital space and the real socio-political space. The groups of recommendations have been identified containing specific tools for influencing the formation of institutional trust among students, which can be used in the work of relevant ministries and departments in terms of youth policy, organizations of regional and local authorities and other state institutions. The article was prepared based on the results of research carried out at the expense of budgetary funds under the state assignment of the Financial University on the topic: "Development of methodological recommendations for increasing institutional trust in student authorities in the online information space in the context of global cultural and digital transformations" (VTK-GZ-PI-48-23).

DOI: 10.7256/2409-7144.2016.7.18678

Abstract: The article describes the potential and prospects for implementation of the popular concepts of creative city, creative class, and creative economy in the modern cities. The author argues that these concepts are applicable only in certain loci and social groups of the urban community, and do not create the cumulative effect of development for the entire city. Promises, addressed to the city and the citizens by the creative concepts cannot be fulfilled for the majority, which is not employed in the post-industrial economy. These promises form high expectations, distorting the agenda of the city in favor of different kinds of privileged minorities. As a result, creative industries and technologies merely become limited urban utopias of the XXI century. The article reveals a number of alternative long-term conditions for the successful urban development which are not connected with creative communities, whose interests should be viewed as complementarity to solutions focused on the interests of the wider urban groups. These are factors of urban progress, associated with the broadening of municipal autonomy; support of the competition between different strategies of urban development; restriction of commodification of urban resources; support of the vulnerable social groups, designated as precariat; promotion for egalitarian models of suburbanization.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-7144.2022.8.36899

Abstract: The purpose of this work is an attempt to determine the role of the Eurasian factor in the civilizational choice of Russia. This scientific problem is considered by the author in two sections: philosophical-historical, involving an appeal to the ideological heritage of the Eurasians, and philosophical-political, allowing to assess the significance and prospects of the Eurasian vector as one of the key directions of Russia's foreign policy. The article defines the relevance of Eurasian integration for Russia, provides the provisions of the Eurasians that support the integration process. The prospects of Russia's Eurasian civilizational choice are examined both from a cultural and historical point of view and from the perspective of current geopolitical realities. The collapse of the Soviet Union is assessed as a natural stage of historical development necessary for liberation from the borrowed communist idea and for the formation of a pyramidal identity structure that requires the actualization of the national identity of peoples. One of the elements of this structure is a "supranational" identity, the formation of which is possible within the framework of the implementation of the Eurasian project. The consequence of the implementation of such a project may be the satisfaction of the public need for a new consolidating national idea, as well as the satisfaction of the demand for great power inherent in Eurasian psychology. In conclusion, it is concluded that the formation of the Eurasian Union is necessary from the point of view of national security in conditions of shifting the line of the civilizational fault to the borders of Russia.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-7144.2019.12.31649

Abstract: Drawing the boundary between the “ones’ own” and “outsiders” in the process of identification is impossible without referring to the past of both “own” and “other”. Therefore, history as an accomplished past of the local community, region, nation or even entire humanity has always been and will always be subjected to selection and manipulations. The goal of this articled consists in the attempt of classification of the existing practices of interpretation of regional history for political purposes, as well as characteristic of the key political actors who use historical symbols in the regional political discourse. The object of this research is the historical policy in regional dimension, viewed as a combination of regional practices implemented by various actors for transformation and designing of image of the past. The subject of this research is the goals, actors, and methods of historical policy at the regional level. The empirical foundation is comprised by the standardized expert surveys and mass survey. The experts were the specialists from the Central and Northwest regions, Volga Region and Ural. Mass survey (N=384), dedicated to historical policy at the regional level, was conducted in Ivanovo Oblast in summer 2019. The author also used the materials of mass media, as well as the official documents. The scientific novelty consists in determination of the models of historical policy in the regions of Russia. The author describes the traditionalistic, institutional, electoral-oriented, and pragmatic model of historical policy. Each of them has particular objectives, tasks, methods, and actors.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-7144.2022.3.36759

Abstract: The importance of research on the national specifics of running practices is due to the fact that in a global context, they allow us to identify the most effective of the proven forms of using running to ensure human well–being, and in an ethnic perspective - to better understand the cultural characteristics of a particular society. The subject of this study is the socio-cultural conditionality of diverse running practices that existed earlier and are still inherent in the population of Russia. The author defines their determination by various ideological complexes, social processes and actors, and also analyzes the variations and semantic transformations inherent in running activities in the dynamic field of national culture. The main conclusions of the study are: 1. In the mytho-religious public consciousness of antiquity (pre-Petrine era), legs as part of the bodily bottom had a negative connotation, which caused mainly negative labeling of running as an attribute of evil spirits. Competitive and ritual running practices were condemned as a manifestation of pagan games and ways to "appease" evil spirits, in carnival folk culture running was associated with the lower levels of the social hierarchy: children and women. 2. The Westernization of Russian society (the period from the reforms of Peter I to 1917) led to the applied use of running practices in military affairs and pedagogy. At the end of the XIX century, running in Russia became a kind of amateur sport, used for health-saving mainly by women, and in a competitive form it exists mainly in the male environment of the Western-oriented intelligentsia of large cities. 3. During the formation and development of the USSR, sports and wellness running was used by the state as an element of eugenics, a way of developing productive forces, a means of cultural construction and agitation. In the post-Soviet period, there is a commercialization, massization and humanization of amateur running in Russia against the background of the crisis of high-performance sports running.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-7144.2022.2.37442

Abstract: Historical memory is a part of social memory, it is politicized and does not allow alternatives in interpretations. Social memory is valueless, it is transmitted from older generations to descendants in the form of images and interpretations of events. If the state policy corresponds to the sociocodes of the community culture, then the images of social memory do not contradict the interpretations and content of historical documents. Historical events of a traumatic nature, as a rule, differentiate interpretations of past events, reflected by contradictions between official and unofficial narratives.The object of the study is social memory imprinted in unofficial narratives of Siberians that contradict official historical narratives. The subject of the study is the contradictions caused by different interpretations of historical events between subjects of official history and carriers of social memory. The novelty lies in the application of a hybrid methodological complex, with the help of which the analysis of contradictions in official and unofficial narratives of Siberians in different historical periods and in different socio-political situations (resettlement, dispossession, war years) was carried out. The peculiarities of the interpretation of empirical material are related to the specifics of understanding the contradictions between the truth of history and the truth of historical memory. At the junction of the types of truth, one can see the uniqueness of historical reality. The authors have revealed that social memory determines the differentiation of interpretations of historical events, includes a program of social inheritance of images of the past. The meanings of "historical truth" and the truth of memory are ambiguously intertwined in the collective consciousness of Siberians.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-7144.2018.4.25198

Abstract: This article analyzes the peculiarities of implementation of the ideas of socialism in practice. Transformation of the philosophical-political and socioeconomic foundations of the state is revealed through the interdependent phenomena of economic “assumption” and freedom. Such subject angle of research is explained by the fact that any political regime strives for self-preservation, and any society assesses the efficiency of its functionality in accordance with the parameters of the quality of life, primarily the level of welfare and civic freedoms. Thus, the goal of the article is to examine the key directions of practical implementation of the fundamental ideas of freedom and property during the period of the establishment of socialism and after it. The peculiarities of civic self-fulfillment and economic “assumption” are analyzed with the help of dialectical method, systemic and comparative-historical approaches, using the statistical and sociological data. A conclusion is made on the differences in interpreting the concept of social property and individual freedom in the theory of Karl Marx, as well as practice of real socialism. The author determines a common feature in the processes of redistribution of property of the early and late XX century, which is the confluence of government and property, and thus the alienation of citizens not only from the results of their work, but also the sphere of public policy. The author concludes on prolongation of the period of “real utopianism” in development of the Russian society as a result of presence of the relevant dystopic tendencies. In political-administrative sphere – this is the fluctuations between the bureaucratic authoritarianism and authoritarian bureaucracy; while in economic sphere – the consolidation of the government-monopolistic, bureaucratic-speculative (pseudo) capitalism.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-7144.2022.3.37748

Abstract: The subject of the study is the relationship between the parallel development of the processes of the invention of the antique coin, mentoring literature and the formation of the worldview of Axial time. The object of the research are review works devoted to various aspects of the social problems of the ancient era: the relationship of coin making and military affairs, the relationship of world religions and mentoring literature, the economism of urbanisation of the polis type and the genesis of classical philosophy. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that the realities that appeared in the era of interest to us: world religions, coin money and mentoring literature – still exist. The secret of the duration of their existence is an urgent problem for social philosophy and historical sociology. The purpose of the study is to consider the possible reasons for the social dynamics recorded in the history of Eurasia, which Karl Jaspers called "Axial Time", but in conjunction with the development of monetary systems and mentoring preaching. In the study of the research problem, general scientific methods were used: analysis, synthesis, comparison. As a research method, the classical (qualitative) analysis of the document was taken as a basis. The comparative analysis revealed a certain connection between the above–mentioned phenomena and the growth of social problems of the ancient civilization - a polis-type civilization against the background of the aggravation of the contradictions of urbanization. The result of the study was the hypothesis of the creation of coin money as a tool to reduce the level of violence within ancient societies. Money in the form of coins became a kind of form of social protection of ancient communities, although it was originally intended to finance organized violence. The practical significance of the study is to form the basis for practical recommendations on adapting the conclusions of the article for the purposes of social policy of modern states.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-7144.2017.7.20565

Abstract: This article reviews such phenomenon of modern social space as the virtual social capital. This social existential entity plays a significant role in the structuration of the social communication systems. Consumer society is presented as a social communicative system, a particular role in the organization of which is played by various social existential institutions, namely the virtual social capital. The purpose of this study consists in determination of the place and role of virtual social capital within the system of consumer society. Methodology is based on the socio-constructivist approach towards understanding society along with the theory of social communication systems. The research is based on the principle of evolution, systematicity, and multiplicity of existential horizons. This study claims that hyper-consumerism can be a result of the unconscious desire of an individual to compensate for the incompleteness of the actual existence in the conditions of virtualization of the social and cultural space. Social capital that is based on the resource of trust between the individuals within virtual communication, is capable of converting into the simulative consumer constructs ensuring their value. Such mechanism plays a crucial role in the emergence of the phenomenon of hyper-consumerism, however, it undermines the trust between the actors of social communication, reducing the resilience to external influence and rate of development of virtual social communication system.

DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2014.5.12155

Abstract: The author of the article analyzes the position of regions that have been included in the top ten and the last ten regions based on the produced gross regional product. This is a very topical issue to study because the gap between the aforesaid groups of regions is quite significant: for a long period of time the leading regions have been superseding regions outsiders by 50 times or even more. This gap isn't closing at all. The author of the article considers particular factors that have an impact on the position of regions in the first and the last groups of Russian regions where the main emphasis is placed on the GRP structure. Industrial capacity of leading regions, as the most significant factor of successful development of economy is estimated. In regions outsiders the factors interfering effective use of resources, breaking optimum proportions of structure of a value added are also allocated. In research of regional development the comparative method, the vertical and horizontal analysis is used. On their basis the main proportions of analyzed indicators, absolute and relative values of compared indicators are defined. The main result of the conducted research is revealed by the author of disproportions in structure of VRP of polar groups of the regions, causing gap depth between leading and lagging behind regions. The author considers that at this conjuncture the main emphasis of distributive policy of the state has to be placed on stimulation of economic activity in regions outsiders. The policy of redistribution operating for today, is inefficient. At its invariance in a situation of the deepest differentiation of regional development increase of the centrifugal forces conducting to disintegration of communications, in lagging behind regions will be prompter, and the capacity of leading regions as powerful centripetal force will constantly support these centers of growth.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-7144.2019.6.29908

Abstract: In this article, from the perspective of social philosophy, the author examines the process of transition from the medieval European society towards industrial model. The object of this research is the European society; while the subject is the transformational processes affecting all spheres of social life. Initially, attention is turned to the problematic of periodization of the beginning of transition of the states towards industrialization, as well as various approaches in this regard. The trends characteristic to the industrial society are described. It order to conduct a fundamental study, the author determines multiple simultaneous processes taking place in economic, political, social and religious life. The author applies the methods of historical parallels, historical macrosociology, justified in socio-philosophical and philosophical-historical works. The scientific novelty lies in the substantiated suggestion of the original version of the beginning of industrialization processes. The examples of philosophical-ideological determination of modernization processes of the Renaissance era are demonstrated. The article structures the modernization line of economic determination: from the medieval cities as trade centers through the initial accumulation of capital and increasing needs of the individuals towards multiple social revolutions that led to establishment of the industrial level of society.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-7144.2016.3.17950

Abstract: The object of this article is the phenomenon of marginality, while the subject is the analysis of categories “marginality” and “social alienation” as congruent. In the center of the scientific search are the following topics: the phenomenon of marginality as a border and peripheral social position; the processes of marginalization; the notions “marginal individual” and marginal conscience; psycho-emotional components of marginalization. Special attention is given to the role of economic factors in expansion of the space of marginality. The author analyzes poverty as a socioeconomic and psychological category, as well as its impact upon the establishment of marginal structures. Scientific novelty consists in the justification of the thesis about the ambivalent essence of the nature of marginality. The problematics of the article allows making the following conclusions: 1) the notion of “marginality” is used to signify not only the transitional social position of an individual, but a position of social alienation as well; 2) marginal conscience is the general feature of marginality and social alienation.

DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2013.11.1018

Abstract: The article is devoted to the history of formation of Wahhabism in the system 'Hanabilah - Salafi - Wahhabism'. The author of the article studies the development, expansion and formation of Wahhabism in Russia and abroad. The author carries out a critical analysis of such terms as 'Islamism', 'Traditional Islam', and 'Nontraditional Islam'. By using examples from law enforcement pratice, the author carries out a research to approve or disapprove the thesis about terrorism, extremism and Wahhabism being interconnected. This article is the first one in Russian science to reveal the main theoretical (philosophical, politological, historical and judicial) approaches to the problem of Wahhabism. The author also describes the main approaches to the legal regulation of Wahhabism and related religious movements in foreign states. The author analyzes the political and legal environment with reference to Wahhabism and its legal regulation in Russia. Special attention is paid to the following: directions of reformation of relations between religious associations and the government, managerial problems and legal issues. The author also makes certain suggestions on how to improve and increase efficiency of state and civil society in the sphere of religious relations, suppression of extremism and terrorism.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-7144.2016.3.18050

Abstract: This article discusses the philosophical concepts of nuclear war. The socio-ontological foundations of the threat of nuclear war are disclosed in the teachings of Oswald Spengler, Martin Heidegger, Jean Baudrillard, Carl Gustav Jung and Friedrich Nietzsche. By analyzing the ideas presented in the works of these thinkers, the authors examine various possibilities of philosophical understanding of the dangers of nuclear weapons and the threat of the total annihilation of mankind. The research problem is considered by involving into the analysis the theory of historical pseudomorphosis, the concept of simulacra and the concept of the archetypes of the collective unconscious. The authors use the methodological principles of hermeneutical philosophy and the principle of deconstruction, as well as the genealogical method. The most important result of the study is the comprehension of the nuclear war as an absolute transgression. The perspective of the absolute transgression is considered by the authors as the integral component of contemporary socio-cultural reality. It is shown that the threat of the nuclear war has appeared because at certain moment in the history the mankind has chosen its way of life. However, this danger of an absolute transgression contains an opportunity to choose another way of development of mankind.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-7144.2015.12.1697

Abstract: The subject of this research is the analysis of development of the Communist ideology of the youth movements in a number of Western European countries, Central and Southeast Asia, and Cuba. Claim is made that the beginning of the establishment of a society based on the Communist ideas coincided with the transformation of consciousness of the young generations towards the socio-political discourse of the development of national identity. The author attempts to determine the link between these two processes. Based on the brief historico-analytical insight that describes the chronological frameworks of the attempts of the governments of the aforementioned countries to build a “developed socialist” society, a conclusion is made that political control over the youth movements in these countries carried a form of mentorship and ideological effect upon the economic, political, social, and spiritual life of the society. The author also formulates a thesis about the correlation between the party leadership of a particular country with the international Communist labor movement. Among thetheoretical results of this research are the following: 1. Clarification of the notion of political control over the youth movements and its effectiveness within the existed forms of government structure; 2. Grand scale character of the ideological doctrines and predominance of the Communist idea over others; 3. A fairly developed organizational and functional apparatus of the political control; 4. Successive character of organizational and practical activity within the youth movements.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-7144.2016.3.18078

Abstract: The subject of this research is the perceptions of the students of the Russian and foreign higher educational facilities (primarily in the UK and the United States) of the modern world and their place in it, as well as their expectations with regards to the personal future, and the hierarchy of values. The data was acquired as a result of the original research conducted in the autumn of 2015 in the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Special attention is given to the comparative analysis of the system of life perception of the two groups of respondents, as well as to the analysis of the acquired results in light of the theory of generations. The theoretical positions are based on the theory of generations by W. Strauss and N. Howe, basic values of S. Schwartz, and post-materialistic values of R. Inglehart. There is no significant difference in the ideas, values, and life aspirations among the Russian and foreign students; all of them are determined to receive education in presence, and build a career in future. The Russian students are more focused on creating a family that their foreign peers; also, such notions as “prosperity” and “connections” are of great importance among the Russian students, which reflects rather the level of social wellness and the peculiarities of social relations within it. Students themselves are attracted to the post-materialistic values, such as interesting job, appreciations of their own efforts and talents.

DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2013.6.765

Abstract: Legal nature of the Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire of 1832 - 1892 is presented in their features and legal power. The latter reflect peculiarities of the regulatory content of this document about the main grounds of the political system in the Russian Empire. This issue is of particuar interest in terms of the development of the Russian Constitution at the XVIII - early XX centuries, from the first notes and constitutional projects to the first Constitutional Act, the Fundamental Laws published in 1906. The Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire published in 1832 - 1892 play a special role in the process of formation of constitutional ideas. Those Laws opened the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire and set forth the legal grounds of organization of governmental authorities and legislation process under the conditions of absolute monarchy. Their legal nature did not receive adequate attention in historical and legal researches and therefore the main purpose of the preset article is to solve this issue.