DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2022.5.38191

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to determine how the relationship between theoretical (fundamental) and applied (practical) culturology is understood in the Russian scientific literature. Based on the analysis of the works of Russian cultural scientists, the article raises the issues of the relevance of cultural knowledge, the necessity and possibility of cultural theory, the prognostic possibilities of the science of culture. Increased attention is paid to the consideration of such an aspect of the topic as the insufficient saturation of cultural concepts with empirical data and the blurring of the conceptual apparatus of culturology. The author attempts to substantiate the opinion that excessive theory, isolation from the living realities of culture harms culturology as a scientific discipline. The novelty of the research lies in the criticism of the position insufficiently reflected by the scientific community, according to which applied culturology is based on some fundamental knowledge about culture. The vulnerability of ideas about the existence of such knowledge is shown, which, however, does not detract from the importance of culturology. It is concluded that culturology can be a science in demand by society only by being primarily an applied discipline. Time will tell whether it will be able to acquire a theoretical superstructure that works in practice. But the theory should grow on the basis of specific empirical research, and not be invented speculatively.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2022.5.36266

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to consider the role of the mathematical method in the study of social objects. The author notes that in a digital society, the mathematical method of describing social objects will become the main method of cognition. In addition, the author allows the expansion of the use of mathematical methodology to describe social objects and processes. Meanwhile, the author highlights the objective limits of using the mathematical method in the study of social objects. For example, the author draws attention to the impossibility of a mathematical description of such social phenomena as love, friendship, hatred and faith. In conclusion, the author notes the universal nature of the mathematical method and suggests using this method in the study of social processes. As a scientific novelty, we can highlight the examples of the use of the mathematical method in the description of social phenomena and processes proposed by the author. For example, the author uses the mathematical apparatus of topology and chaos theory in describing social relationships. Moreover, the author notes that the phenomenon of homeomorphism can be applied in the social sphere. For example, the author notes that personality, social group and society are topologically homeomorphic to each other, therefore, continuously reflect each other's properties. Also, the author draws attention to the fact that, for example, a "strange" attractor can describe some social phenomena, including attraction and dependence on initial conditions.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2022.5.38137

Abstract: The author discusses the concept of the humanitarian-anthropological turn formulated by the famous Russian philosopher Alexander Pavlovich Ogurtsov. He analyzes the views of V. Dilthey, showing that he is not only the initiator of the humanitarian discourse, but also, in fact, develops a new humanitarian and spiritually oriented direction of philosophy alternative to the natural science approach. The author analyzes the situation that necessitated the development of this direction, as well as the concepts of "life", "history", "understanding", "expression" and "experience", which Dilthey puts at the foundation of his philosophical system. He shows that the essential feature of the listed concepts is a double modality and discursivity. On the one hand, history (respectively, life, understanding, expression, experience) is "singular", that is, it does not change according to some law, but due to random circumstances, on the other hand, life changes quite lawfully, under the influence of the mechanisms of culture, language, economics, human relationships, technology. Dilthey's interest in the holistic analysis of life is explained. The author shows that within the framework of humanitarian and anthropological study, the integrity of life is determined by a number of factors: the problem that the researcher solves, the narratives and texts available to him, the methodology of humanitarian cognition. In other humanitarian studies, these factors will change, therefore, the integrity of life will also change. It turns out that the integrity of life, over which Dilthey struggled, is not independent of the researcher, his personality and life, it is constituted in the very process of humanitarian cognition, partly as a singular, partly a natural phenomenon.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2022.5.38158

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of reproduction of the archetypes of the collective unconscious in modern social mythology. The question of primordial images in recent years has been the focus of research attention of many social sciences: anthropology, psychology, philosophy. The article presents the prerequisites for the development of social mythology and a brief overview of its research. In the course of the analysis of archetypal images, four major areas of research in modern social mythology are characterized: structuralist, semiotic, phenomenological and psychoanalytic. Mythological images used in various spheres of life are presented as the subject of research: in mass culture, mass media, art, education, etc. 6 archetypes are characterized: Infant, Virgin, Mother, Rebirth, Spirit, Trickster. Their features and specifics are shown. Examples of the use of archetypes in archaic myths of different peoples and in modern socio-mythological creativity are given as illustrations, which demonstrates the viability of archetypal images. The transformation of the images of the characters of archaic myths in popular culture is demonstrated. The article defines the common features of modern social mythology and archaic myths. It is concluded that archetypal images of social mythology play an important role in social life: through modern social myths, society adapts to the changing conditions of its life; archetypal images of modern social mythology perform the function of maintaining a pattern, reproducing the value-normative system of society.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2022.5.32049

Abstract: The review analyzes the content of the book "Dimensions and Challenges of Russian Liberalism: Historical Drama and New Prospects" [1], published in English by Springer Publishing house in 2019. It presents articles reflecting the main topics and areas of discussion about the history and current state of liberal thought in Russia. The work is divided into four parts, which outline the main stages of the development of liberal ideology since the time of the Russian Empire, ending with the debates of recent years. The work uses philosophical-historical, socio-historical, cultural-historical approaches, as well as methods of historical and political reconstruction. The reviewed book is interesting both as a new collective work on the topic of liberalism, and as a source of views on Russian liberal thought not only by domestic researchers, but also by foreign scientists. This work will certainly take a significant place among the works on liberalism in Russia. The diverse and multifaceted studies presented in the book force us to take a fresh look at both the issues of the history of liberalism and modern socio-political transformations and political processes.