Структура и генезис неоакмеизма: эволюция индивидуального авторского пути и типология культурных «кодов»

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Abstract: The article is devoted to neoacmeism as an understudied cultural paradigm and phenomenon of the Russian Renaissance of the 20th century, its history, grounds, structure and genesis, and the concept of 'semantic poetics' as a traditional ontological 'core' thereof. In her article Fetisova analyzes mythopoetics of neoacmeism in terms of its philosophical-artistic platflorm. Within the framework of the research mythology is viewed as an ontological core of 'semantic poetics'. The given article presents an attempt  to develop a philolosophical and cultural paradigm of neoacmeism as well as to create some universal methodology of hermeneutical anaysis within the framework of synergetic grounds of philosophy and philology (literary studies) through the unified ontological discourse. An independent status of methodology implies that it includes ontology which creates a model of the world. This factor is especially important for analyzing a poetic text because acmeists' creative work is a priori ontological and creates an author's 'world-forming' reality. Methodology has a purpose to provide scientific (including humanitarian) knowledge through using a precise normative system for an approved analysis of a scientific object or phenomena, in this case, a poetic text. This is the reason why the author of the present article uses methodology as a method to study and classify creative work of all neoacmeists and bring neoacmeism as a major philosophical and cultural paradigm to a common standard by analyzing samples, norms and rules of poetic analysis. Herein it is also necessary to take into account that it is philosophy that has the methodological tools which serve as a model for literary research and can be successfully applied in the course of analyzing a poetic text. In terms of philosophical, philological and culturological methodologies literature is described as a single text, or, if you like, a single meta text. Based on the results of her research the author concludes that individual mythology and typology of 'cultural codes' used by acmeism adepts (Nikolay Gumilev and Anna Akhmatova) creates a powerful association area that allows to view neoacmeist writings and world literature within its scope as a part of a single meaning-forming mechanism of the philosophy of culture as well as its grandious ontological phenomenon, 'The Acmeism Project'. The author also proves an important thesis that there are certain ontological constants (anthropocentrism, subjectivism, revival of cultural achetypes, and the memory about the past that 'was not in vain) in the 'semantic poetics' of a single acmeist text. These constants create an internal mental code of Russian culture that takes into account individual traits of each poet, at the same time keeps the entire system (philosophical and cultural paragim of neoacmeism) from falling apart and unites very different artists, thus enabling the paradigm to exist throughout the 20th - 21st centuris. This 'code' becomes an axiological constant of Russian culture and makes it unique. The research strategy allows to reconstruct the aforesaid mental code in a new historical context. The author also classifies 'Akhmatova's myth' and comes to the conclusion that 'synchronous reminiscental chronotope' creates a 'polyphonically based monologue' and specific mythology which forms, first of all, a poetic model of the world. 

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