Реализм и трёхоператорный метод интерпретации

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Abstract: The subject of the research is the definition of literary terms 'realism', 'social realism', 'psychological realism' and 'metaphysical realism'. As a rule, texts that satisfy a number of criteria are considered to be realistic. However, such conventional approach creates numerious difficulties and contradictions. In particular, it does not allow to solve the problem of classification of 'realism in the highest meaning' as it was presented by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. There has been an opinion that the term 'realism' should be eliminated from the scientific discourse because it is too contradictory. The author of the present article offers an alternative approach to the definition of the term 'realism'. According to the author, realism is the effect created in the process of applying specific means of text interpretation. It is provede that relevant and logically uncontroversial combination of realism criteria is impossible. Thus, the conventional approach to the problem of realism is based on the wrong assumption. Based on particular examples, the author of the article develops and tries out the so-called three-operator method, i.e. abstract model of intepretation methods which application creates the effect of text realism. It is also demonstrated that the new approach does not create the difficulties and contradictions the conventional approach does. 

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