Основные подходы к проблеме истины в истории философии и русская религиозная философия

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Abstract: The subject of this research Is the main approaches to the problem of truth and their correlation with the works of the Russian religious philosophers. The following approaches are being determined: ontological, gnoseological, existential, and relativistic (nihilistic). The ontological approach is based on the principle of oneness of reasoning and being, where the truth is authentic being. Such approach emerges on the basis of mythological reasoning.  Gnoseological approach lies in contraposition of the subject and object of cognition. Existential approach is established on the so-called reference to the circumstances preceding the subject-object demarcation. The truth is being understood as the existence or value.  Relativistic approach in its development balances the definition of truth, eventually seeing it as fiction. In the works of the Russian religious philosophers we can observe an ontological trend, in which the truth is understood as “omnibeing”. According to V. S. Solovyev, the truth is perceived in “mystical” unity of rational and irrational aspects of a subject, in unity of the subject and object of cognition. In order to reveal the inner logic of such unity, A. F. Losev refers to the neo-Platonic dialectics. At the same time, Russian religious philosophers criticize the gnoseological approach, subjective-idealistic trends of existential approach, as well as relativistic (nihilistic) approach. The conclusion is made that the Russian religious philosophy is a peculiar continuation of the ancient and medieval ontological tradition. We can also observe mythological foundations of the specificity of Russian religious philosophy.

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