DOI: 10.7256/2454-0617.2015.1.13957

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0617.2015.1.66064

Abstract: The subject of this research are international conflicts on border rivers. Forms, methods and tools of international water-based conflict resolution are being studied in this article. For this purpose, it is necessary to distill the defining traits of such conflict, the major factors for its emergence, and to define types of conflicts in which water resources play the role of political leverage, as well as military and economic assets for reaching goals aligned with national interests. Precedents of successful international dispute resolutions that involve joint use of bordering water resources are present. The methods of this research involve methodology used to study international water-based conflicts: content analysis, factor analysis, system methods, as well as crossdiscipline approach. Joint water basin usage regime for bodies of water adjacent to two or more states often become a source of tension and aggravation of international disputes. The author reaches a conclusion that, due to hydrological and geographical particularities, each conflict is unique, and each single instance requires an individual approach.

Keywords: international water conflict, bordering water resources, international relations, water deficiency, international security, national interests, political realism, international water Law, territorial sovereignty concept, fight for resources.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0617.2022.2.37793

EDN: NECUFB

Abstract: The object of research in this paper is the modern environmental policy of the European Union, while the subject of research is the relationship and mutual influence of the EU environmental policy in the context of the ongoing conflict of interests on this issue in various market segments. Also in this article, the authors tried to trace the dependencies of the mechanism of implementation of the environmental policy of the European Union, establishing what impact it has on the society of European countries and their economies, and what reverse impact these areas have on environmental policy. The "European Green Course" has become the central subject of research, since the effectiveness and mechanisms of its implementation at the pan-European and national levels reveal the essence of the modern environmental policy of the European Union. The authors identify the criteria for the formation of the EU environmental policy, as well as analyze the basic principles of the implementation of pan-European legislation on environmental policy. It is concluded that the environmental policy of the European Union has one interesting feature: it is one and different at the same time. The norms and rules of each specific country differ in their strength and target areas, while the result of the application of these norms, the targets, remain equal for all countries of the Union. The compactness factor of the European Union plays a significant role in shaping the principles of implementing and building a coherent environmental policy: any environmental incident has consequences for almost all EU member states, geographically the countries are located compactly, and the current relationship between the industrial concerns of EU countries makes them extremely sensitive to supply chain disruptions.

Keywords: industrial development, EU Member States, European Green Course, European Union, environmental safety, environmental policy, environmental risks, private companies, energy efficiency, legislative framework

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0617.2015.1.14205

Abstract: Is the new Russian approach towards China and India, vector for a multipolar world order? Will the new Davos – gathering between vanity fair and summit of the mightiest – in future take place in Kyrgyzstan – Central Asian country surrounded by the most prosperous and promising powers? The last months of 2014 were marked by a series of significant bilateral agreements and summits involving Russia, India and China. According to many international analysts, the research of better relations with the two Asian giants by Moscow represents another further step towards global transformation from an unipolar order ruled by United States to a multipolar one. A key point in order to analyze the fundamental reasons of Moscow’s approach towards China and India is connected to difficulties emerged in the last year with European Union and United States. Complications in Russia-West relations are clearly exemplified by the Ukrainian imbroglio.However, it’s also necessary to dwell on long-term strategic interests of the countries involved. Despite the current shaky situation of Eastern Europe and Middle East, generally speaking Beijing and New Delhi look at Russia as a reliable partner with whom it’s fundamental continue to dialogue, cooperate and trade. China-Russia dialogue is growing from mid-nineties, while Indian strategic relationship with Moscow is heir of the one established during Cold War with Soviet Union. Moreover, it should not to be underestimate the fact that Russia, India and China are already actively cooperating in other multilateral organizations, such as BRICS forum (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), and have the opportunity to develop new platforms for political, economic and military cooperation, for example within the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). The strategic triangle Russia-India-China (RIC), taken into account difficulties of relations especially considering Indo-Chinese bond characterized at the same time by cooperation and competition, could therefore be an interesting model of dialogue in the new multipolar world order.

Keywords: politic, the international safety, geopolitic, trend, state, security, diplomacy, international relftions, international affairs, interests

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0617.2015.1.66065

Abstract: This article is intended to clarify several sociopolitical issues regarding the Central Asian region. Do we detect a new approach that Russia, together with India and China, uses to form a multipolar world? Will the new Davos forum in Kyrgyzstan attract the leaders of the most influential Central Asian countries, and become as representative as its European prototype? Late 2014 was marked by the signing of several bilateral agreements during Summits involving Russia, India and China. According to numerous international experts, improved relations between Moscow and the two Asian giants (China and India), represents another big step in transforming a unipolar world order with the USA as the only leading country into a multipolar world. The analysis of the main reasons for Beijing and New Deli becoming closer with Moscow will start with the complications in Russia-US relations. One of the reasons for Russia-West relations becoming colder is the position of Russia in the Ukrainian crisis, which resulted in Russian leadership reaching a decision to expand their foreign policy vector in Eastern direction. With that said, tighter connections of Russia, China and India fully reflects long-term interests of those countries. Despite several questionable moments in Russian foreign policy in Eastern Europe and Near East, Beijing and New Deli view Russia as a reliable partner for further dialogue, cooperation and trade. The Russia-China cooperation, since 1990s, is actively developing, while strategic Russia-India partnership still maintains the image of the USSR era, when the Cold War took place. We also cannot discount the fact that Russia, India and China are already working together in many international organizations, like the BRICS forum (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and, on this basis, they already have opportunities to develop new platforms for political, economic, and military cooperation, like the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. At the same time, the Russia-India-China strategic triangle already has a huge potential for combining efforts to achieve mutual goals, which can, in turn, give birth to a new model of international dialog, signature for the newly-forming multipolar world.

Keywords: politics, international security, geopolitics, trend, state, security, diplomacy, international relations, international life, interests.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0617.2022.2.37970

EDN: NOSKSZ

Abstract: This article examines the issue of the strategic development of the environmental policy of the European Union in modern conditions. The assessment of the "European Green Course" is given, political, economic and environmental risks are assessed in the context of the implementation of the EU environmental policy. The authors also identify the criteria for the formation of the EU environmental policy, as well as analyze the basic principles of the implementation of pan-European legislation on environmental policy. It is concluded that the environmental policy of the European Union depends on the so-called "compactness factor", which plays a key role in shaping the principles of implementation and building a coherent environmental policy. In general, in this part of the study, the authors reveal the technologies of the political and economic impact of the EU environmental policy on the life of the member states. In many ways, this influence can be traced in the activities of youth environmental movements, which form the environmental agenda in the union and the request for changes. At the same time, the authors note the high conflictogenic potential of these movements. In general, the modern environmental policy of the EU is a catalyst for the actualization of various economic and political problems, the mechanisms of formation of which are considered by the authors. The article presents forecasts regarding the implementation of the EU environmental policy in the next few years and likely trends.

Keywords: pricing process, technology of political influence, environmental risks, the popularity of environmental policy, environmental legislation, European Green Course, EU member states, European Union, environmental safety, Environmental policy