DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2022.4.36815

EDN: YIVZVT

Abstract: The subject of the study is the Anglo-Indian community of the 1880s and the reflection of its characteristic features in the works of Rudyard Kipling in the mid-1880s - early 1890s - newspaper essays, poems, short stories. Such features of the Anglo-Indian community as isolation, its isolation from the indigenous population of India, hostility towards travelers who judge the state of the country based on short-term visits, not understanding the unique climatic, political, and social conditions of India are considered in detail. Special attention is paid to the attitude of the Anglo-Indian community to the emerging national movement demanding the expansion of the rights of Indians in the governance of the country.   As a result of the study , the following conclusions were made: 1) the image of a traveler who describes India, but does not have knowledge about it and understanding of its conditions, often found in the early works of R. Kipling ("Paget, C. P.", "Anglo-Indian Society", "The Enlightenment of Padgett, a member of Parliament"), was characteristic of the Anglo-Indian literature of the period under study (in in particular, for the work of J. Abery-Mackay) and reflected the views widely spread in the Anglo-Indian environment; 2) the changing conditions of Indian life, such as the emergence and development of the national movement, are becoming a new plot in Anglo-Indian literature and Kipling's work, showing the negative attitude of the community to the strengthening of the political activity of the indigenous population India.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2022.5.37273

EDN: DBEWQJ

Abstract: The subject of this article is the Anglo-Indian community - a stratum of the population of British India consisting of Englishmen born in India or permanently residing in it. In the early 1880s, the community faced a new factor in political life - the rapid development of Indian nationalism, and the community's reaction to new trends was reflected in the political satire of the period under study - in particular, in Thomas Hart-Davis's pamphlet "India in 1983" The pamphlet describes a hypothetical society of India of the future, which was freed from British rule, but proved incapable of independent existence.   As a result of the conducted research, it was concluded that in the early 1880s the Anglo-Indian community was a closed, isolated stratum of the population, which negatively reacted to the demands of the Indian intelligentsia to expand the rights of the indigenous population in the governance of the country. Criticism of the demands of the nascent national movement found expression in political satire, one example of which was T. Hart-Davis's pamphlet "India in 1893", which reflected the ideas of the Anglo-Indian community about the immaturity and groundlessness of the political demands of the figures of the Indian National Congress and the national movement as a whole.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2023.6.69360

EDN: GDNETP

Abstract: The article examines oriental motifs and images in the work of the poet of the Silver Age K.D. Balmont. The cultural significance of K.D. Balmont's work is undoubtedly for the ideas of the Silver Age. The purpose of the study is to analyze the work of K.D. Balmont and identify oriental images and motifs such as: the Enlightened Buddha, the desert, the Sphinx, the Koran, Allah, the Merciful. The object and material of the study were the poetic texts of K. Balmont: "Boro-Budur" from the collection "Burning Buildings", "Sphinx" from the collection "Silence", "Merciful" from the collection "Pearl Rug". The scientific novelty of our research lies in the consideration of motives and images as an important component of the figurative picture of the world and the poetic worldview of K.D. Balmont. The culturological aspect of oriental themes in the poet's work has been identified and substantiated. Such oriental ideas and motifs were formed, new images in his work as: the enlightened Buddha, Nirvana, pyramids, desert, Sphinx, motifs of the Koran, Allah, the Merciful, etc. In 1909-1912, K.D. Balmont traveled around the world. Egypt, Indonesia, and India completely conquered the poet. Balmont studied a huge number of scientific works on religion, philosophy and mythology of the East. K.D. Balmont wrote many letters, poems, travelogues, essays on the culture of the East. The poet's translation activity occupies a special niche in his work. He translated Ashwagosh's "The Life of the Buddha" from Sanskrit, Kalidasa's drama "Sakuntala", "Malyavika and Agnimitra" and "Urvashi Obtained by Courage", and he translated "The Koran" from Arabic. Folklore and mythology of India, China, Japan, and Iran are collected in the collection "Calls of Antiquity".