DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2014.2.9966

Abstract: Over 20 years of development of Russian judicial medical dermal glyphic studies show that the it may be applied only via creating computer software. It is undoubted that the "Dermatogliphica" software, which was developed in 124 SML in 1996 was a significant achievement of the practical dermal glyphic studies. However,  search and definition of elements was by visual examination, and marking was done by hand, which included a subjective element into the complex of identification issues  resolved based on dermal glyphic studies. The article is aimed at minimizing the influence of subjective factor when interpreting dermal glyphic elements. In order to create such a classification, new decisions on structural basis for the papillary pictures and their coordinate basis, method for the ridge count and other characteristics of the papillary pictures.   Dermal glyphic studies and dactylography have many classifications, which were developed depending on the goals, which needed to be achieved in a certain branch of science (clinical medicine, judicial medicine, criminalistic anthropology, etc.). That is why there is a large variety of sub-types of curves, loops and curls depending on height and orientation of the pattern, its symmetry or assymmetry, forms and structure of lines in the central part of the pattern and other characteristic features, reflecting the details in the structure of the papillary pattern, and this work includes an attempt to provide their mathematical description.

DOI: 10.7256/2306-4218.2014.1.9949

Abstract: The need to establish whether the calcius belonged to a human or to an animal usually arises in cases of expertise of burnt or ash remains. The experts face the need to study large amount of large and small bone fragments at various stages of temperature incandescence (black, gray, white), which have been subject to shrinkage, deformation and various influences of external factors.  That is why each such expertise is unique in quantity and elements of objects, use of laboratory and diagnostic methods.  The authors draw attention of medical criminalist experts to the general methodological principles for such expertise: rational choice of methods, evidentiary value, and the limitations of the capabilities of methods, limitations to the studies and form for the conclusions. Strictly speaking, the judicial medical establishment of generic type of calcius is only possible based on biological study methods. In all other cases it is more precise to speak of defining the origin of bones (native, ashed) to a human being, animal or a bird.

DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2014.1.9963

Abstract: The natural and technogenous catastrophes, terrorist acts  have numerous victims. The possibility for the identification of the dead is usually dependent upon the level of destruction of the corpses. This principle serves as the basis for the judicial medical sorting in emergency situations. The final aim of sorting is to establish which of many various fragments belong to corpses of specific persons.   Reconstruction of destroyed corpses by their parts has humanitarian and religious value in addition to expert practical importance. Success of body part sorting (either direct or computer-based "assembly" by separation planes and anatomic property) depends on lack of significant corpse fragmenting and limited number of victims.  In most other cases this target is achieved after laboratory studies, and not in real-time mode. Based on above-mentioned issues, the topical problem for the judicial medical expertise at the focal point of the emergency situation is practical introduction of the specialized program diagnostic complexes, allowing to automatize the process of sorting of destroyed corpses and to restore their entirety and to form an electronic database on group and individual personal characteristics.