Abstract: The modern judicial medicine actively applies the so-called objectivity and strength of evidence towards the theories and hypotheses used, therefore, the practice of evidentiary medicine is appearing. It is undoubted that the evidentiary principles of modern science are developed in the works by Karl Popper and Imre Lacatos and methodologists of their school. The science there is understood as a special rational way of cognition of the world based on empiric check and (or) mathematical proof. It is ideally universal, fragmentary, generally valuable, impersonalized, systematic, incomplete, successive, critical, authentic, non-moral, rational and sensual. At the same time diagnostics is a specific type of cognition. The basis for any scientific method is a combination of empirics and logics. In judicial medicine the judicial medical pathology, or to put it more broadly, thanatology best meets the status of science. As the basis of proof or refutation under the above-mentioned scheme the falsification of research problems is used in controversy with the traditional justificationism, presupposing that any true theory should be strictly and unambiguously proven.