DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.5.70690

Abstract: The relevance of this research is due to the growing commercialization and integration of "virtual reality" (VR) technology into everyday life and science, which requires understanding its impact on the user's experience and the construction of human subjectivity, as well as the potential for modifying human interaction with the outside world. Scientists are discussing the potential of VR and expressing the need for it to open the doors to a new era for humanity as soon as possible. In this context, critical analysis and philosophical reflection on the development of virtual reality technology and the possible impact on human life become extremely relevant and topical. The subject of the study is the content and transformation of the subject of reality in the virtual space through mediatization. The object of the study is virtual reality   The work is based on the deconstruction method based on the principles of interpreting what is read without distorting the meaning. With his help, the most significant and appropriate fragments were selected for scientific understanding and research of the phenomenon. As a result of the study, it was found that the informatization of the subject in the process of interaction with the virtual reality environment, a person as a subject is no longer an isolated substance, but expresses his existence through informatization.The concept of "virtual personal presence" provides a person with a framework for ontological expansion in the virtual dimension, therefore, the activity of virtual reality has a profound influence on the subjective construction of a person, characterized by posthumanistic features. Along with this, such influence at the level of ontology is mainly manifested in the virtualization and informatization of the subject. Virtualization of the subject not only shows the expansion of subjectivity in the virtual dimension, but also expresses that it always retains an ever-changing, plastic potential; informatization of the subject implies that in the activity of virtual reality, the subject represents his existence in the form of a specific information structure.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70290

Abstract: The object of the study is the media of Afghanistan. The subject of the study is the genesis of methods for regulating the media system in Afghanistan. The article pays special attention to the formation of the media system of the modern period, which the authors have been defining since the end of 2021. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the media system of Afghanistan has been formed under the influence of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF, acted in accordance with resolution No. 1386[39] The UN Security Council of December 20, 2001) and the desire to create a liberal democratic state in the understanding of the ISAF leadership. Freedom of speech, expression and the media, which were achieved during this period, has been under the control of the Interim Government of Afghanistan since August 2021. This article defines the methods used by the current government of Afghanistan to regulate the media system.   The main method of research is the content analysis of documents and information on the practice of law enforcement, compliance with current legislation. Naturally, he could not be divorced from the method of systematization of information - the study of information objects. For the first time in the scientific literature, an empirical study is presented, which represents important material on the history of the media system of Afghanistan, its current state, and the analysis of legislative changes. The study seems to be significant and expands knowledge about the media in this region. For 20 years, the media system of Afghanistan has been formed under the influence of an international coalition led by the United States, which tried to create a liberal democratic state. It was based on a compromise of Western "democratic" and Islamic values, more pluralistic and free than before and after this period. In August 2021, another political force came to power, forming a state based on other principles, which began to exercise control over all spheres, including the media, taking Sharia norms as a basis. One of the conclusions of the study was the strengthening of the traditional identity of the state by the new political power, which was "shaken" by Western reforms. After coming to power, the interim Government of Afghanistan repealed the 2004 Constitution and the 2009 Media Law. The Law on Access to Information in 2019 has not been officially repealed, but it is not respected in the country. Thus, the transformation of the state's media system has begun in the country.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.3.69893

Abstract: The scientific article is a study on the history of the creation of the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ). The article presents an analysis of the history of the creation and development of the IFJ. The authors pay special attention to the reasons and prerequisites underlying the emergence of the International Federation of Journalists, as well as expand the data on the creation of the IFJ. The study draws attention to the circumstances that led to the establishment of the IFJ in the post-war period. Special attention is paid to the influence of geopolitical factors on the formation and development of the organization. The consideration of the reasons for the split of the MOJ includes differentiated approaches and strategies adopted by various participating countries, in particular, in the context of the professional activities of journalists. The data on the current state of affairs of the Russian Union of Journalists as part of the International Federation of Journalists are presented. The research methods used include historical analysis: the study of historical documents, archival materials, protocols of congresses related to the creation and development of the IFJ. A content analysis of the texts of articles, statements and reports related to organizations was carried out in order to identify key topics, approaches and dynamics in their activities. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that there are very few such materials in the scientific literature devoted to the history of journalism in Russia, and they mainly concerned the regions of Russia and the development of regional journalism. The main conclusion of this study is the understanding that currently non-governmental international organizations formed on the principles of professionalism are changing and becoming similar to political organizations, which in turn can lead to a split in these organizations and the termination of their existence. After Russia launched a special military operation in February 2022, the unions of journalists of Finland, Norway, Denmark and Iceland announced their intention to leave IFJ due to the presence of the national Union of Journalists of the Russian Federation in it. In February 2023, despite the fact that the organization claims that it is not connected with politics, but is exclusively engaged in protecting the rights of journalists, the IFJ "froze" the membership of the Russian Federation in the organization. It will be possible to return to the issue of Russia's return to work as part of the International Federation of Journalists only in 2026, if necessary.