Abstract: The subject of this study is the changes in ideological literary policy by I.V. Stalin to N.S. Khrushchev. The article examines the features of Stalin’s literary ideological policy (concept of socialist realism). This concept, developed in the light of the ideological and political guidelines of the Stalinist leadership and supervision, writers, poets, and critics lost their creative freedom. This was the reason for the formation of the theory of conflict-free behavior in the literature. The author notes that by the early 1950s a new path opened for creating examples of literary creativity, since the new political leader rethought the concept of socialist realism and eliminated Stalin’s cult of personality. When studying problems related to the analysis of the ideology and political orientations of outstanding statesmen of the USSR, comparative historical and typological research methods were used in the work. To formulate the conclusions of the study, the author used methods such as comparative and descriptive. As a result of the research, the evolution in the ideological and political views of the state leadership on the course of the literary process in the country was revealed, it was concluded that the period of Khrushchev’s reign can rightfully be called the time of the onset of the cultural “thaw” in the details of the writers, poets, and critics. However, factors that seem obvious at first glance, introducing a certain degree of freedom into the creative process, are still accompanied by the inevitable tightening of policies and political supervision over the content of literary works. The author concluded that the cultural “thaw” that clearly emerged in the country during the reign of Khrushchev turned out to be an incomplete reform, since the content of creativity was still supposed to revolve around the ideas and orientations of the party’s activities.