DOI: 10.25136/2409-7136.2023.8.40994

Abstract: The subject of this study is alternative dispute resolution (ADR), namely the methods of ADR in Muslim law. The author examines in detail the methods of ADR regulated by Islamic law, such as Sulkh, Tahkim, Muhtasib, Fatwa, Med-Arb, as well as Wali Al-Mazalim, which is not currently used, but is of interest in the framework of the study. Also in the course of the study, the experience in regulating the ADR of a country like Malaysia is touched upon, in particular, aspects of regulating such methods as Sulh and Tahkim are touched upon. In the course of the study, the methods of ADR in Muslim law are compared with similar institutions in other legal systems. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it includes an analysis of existing alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in Islamic law and considers the possibilities of their application in Russia, as well as discusses problems related to this issue. The answers to these questions can become the basis for further development of legal science in the field of alternative dispute resolution methods, as well as find application in real life to reduce the burden on the courts, as well as for cross-cultural application in various fields, including with Islamic banking institutions. The main conclusions of this study are the possibility of applying Sharia law to regulate ADR, as well as a proposal to increase the possibilities of using ADR in court cases by creating a state mediation center and creating categories of cases in which the use of mediation in such a center will be a prerequisite for further consideration of the case.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-7136.2023.7.43585

Abstract: The object of this study is the social relations of medical examination during the conscription of citizens for military service in the Russian Federation, as well as the rights and interests of persons involved in these relations. The subject of this study is the protection of the rights and interests of persons who undergo a medical examination when conscripted into the army in the Russian Federation. The author reveals in detail the violations of citizens' rights by the conscription commission of the military commissariat during the medical examination by the military medical commission, including relying on judicial practice, and also suggests ways to solve problems related to these violations.   The scientific novelty of the topic lies in the study of problematic aspects and practice of applying legislation in the field of medical examination during conscription, such as violation of the rules of examination, as well as disregard for the rights of citizens and the integrity of the procedure. This scientific study can provide new data and analysis of shortcomings in the medical examination procedure, which may be useful for subsequent amendments to legislation or the development of appropriate practical recommendations. The scientific study of this topic will also allow us to determine which legal mechanisms can be used to protect the rights of citizens in case of violation of their rights, as well as to develop recommendations for improving legislation and practice of its application in order to improve the situation in this area.