Abstract: The object of the study is the social relations developing in the sphere of circulation of civilian firearms. The subject of the study is the organization of state control over the provision by citizens of the Russian Federation of the conditions of storage (safety) of civilian firearms at the place of residence and the activities of the police as a subject of the type of state control under consideration. The paper gives a brief description of state control as a guarantee of the effectiveness of any legal activity. The role and importance of the police in the implementation of state control in the sphere of arms trafficking is determined and justified, the forms and methods of the type of state control under consideration, the subjects and objects of its implementation are substantiated. The author provides an original view on the problem of crime prevention as the main area of police activity on the example of the sphere of arms trafficking in its relationship with state control of ensuring storage conditions by citizens of the Russian Federation (safety) of firearms at the place of residence. The argument is given about the instrumental importance of state control in the system of prevention of offenses in the sphere of arms trafficking, the continuity and integrity of state control in a single sphere of public administration. As a conclusion, the paper presents a problem that requires resolution, the development of more advanced mechanisms for the organization of state control in the field of arms trafficking.