DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.4.35577

Abstract: In this paper, the behavior of verbal idioms in Spanish is studied. In the phraseological world, there are various classifications depending on the characteristic features of phraseological units. This article focuses on the pragmatics of various verbal idioms in Spanish. Verbal idioms are mainly phraseological units characterized by fixation and idiomaticity. The fact that these characteristics are shared with other phraseological units and that both fixation and idiomaticity are gradual characteristics has traditionally made it difficult to establish clear boundaries that adequately delimit different types of phraseological units, especially when they contain verbs. However, it is possible to characterize verbal idioms by distinguishing them as linguistic units at three gradually limiting levels: firstly, as phraseological units or fixed expressions with a high degree of fixation; secondly, as idioms with idiomatic meaning and, thirdly, verbal idioms as such differ in that they are formed by the verb core. The examples given in the work and many others show that, despite the fact that fixation is one of the defining features of phraseological units, hence verbal idioms, it is necessary to take into account various phenomena that call into question its immutability. These phenomena represent, on the one hand, the inflection of the verb core and other components that establish a relationship of agreement with elements external to the idiom when they are inserted into speech; on the other hand, the possibility of replacing some of its components with a more or less limited number of words forming a series of lexical variants of the same idiom; and, finally, syntactic-type operations, such as the inclusion of paragraphs between the components of a verbal idiom, the increase or reduction of certain expressions, changes in the order of the components of language expressions and transformations, such as the formation of a passive voice or the nominalization of some verbal idioms.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.3.35626

Abstract: This article discusses one of the most relevant topics from the point of view of translation: collocations in the sports press. The reason why this field was chosen is due to the great interest of linguists to include new words in dictionaries due to the influence of other areas of the language and the spread of sports in society. The result of the observed processes is that even native speakers of the Russian language find it difficult to read and understand sports news, and for foreigners interested in sports, these features of the sports press may present insurmountable difficulties, since the actual sports vocabulary is present in textbooks and dictionaries is limited. The analyzed corpus does not have the representative power inherent in large national and parallel corpora, however, this study has revealed several interesting phenomena and outlined ways to further study sports discourse: further study of collocations and productive models based on the material of large Russian and Spanish language corpora, Yandex search engines, blogs and other lexicographic online tools is of undoubted interest. In the process of assimilation of collocations, difficulties arise, since stable phrases are always difficult and impossible to predict. During the study, we saw that usually the components of combinations in one language do not coincide with other languages, since there is an influence on the language of the culture in which their own use of metaphors manifests itself. The compilation of multilingual educational dictionaries and the identification of productive collocation models can significantly expand the field of mastering the Russian language by foreigners and develop skills in predicting the meanings of unfamiliar words and collocations when getting acquainted with different types of discourse.