DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2023.2.40101

Abstract: Based on the analysis of mass sources – archival documents of the First General Population Census of the Russian Empire in 1897 and information published by the Tobolsk Provincial Statistical Committee for 1903 and 1909, the number, typical diversity, and population of settlements formed in the exclusion zone of the Perm-Tyumen and West Siberian railways on the territory of the Tobolsk province is determined. A set of statistical methods was used to analyze the sources. A comprehensive interdisciplinary approach allows not only to identify the historical and genetic features of individual documents, but also to give a certain assessment of their representativeness and information potential for specific historical research. Intensive construction of railways has led to the emergence of new types of settlements: stations, independent settlements at stations and on the railway line, barracks and semi-barracks, booths, barracks, guard houses, etc. In 1897, at least 128 railway settlements were functioning on the territory of the province, which was about 2.5% of the total number of all settlements in the studied region. More than two thousand people lived in them permanently and temporarily; on average, there were 18 people per settlement. The major settlements were the Tyumen and Kurgan stations. It is concluded that the primary materials of the 1897 census have the most complete information. In connection with the further construction of the Trans-Siberian railway at the beginning of the XX century, there is an increase in the population of stations and pier settlements, their merger, the emergence of new types of railway settlements.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.10.30752

Abstract: The subject of this research is the everyday life of political prisoners of Tobolsk Governorate in the extreme conditions of isolation, including routine and behavioral aspects. Everyday life is characterized with routineness and repetitiveness. In the conditions restriction of practically all spheres of life and total control of prison authorities, the political captives were forced to adjust to the unnatural circumstances and constantly search for the ways of physical and psychical survival. The author examines the following questions: living and sanitary-hygienic conditions of incarceration of political prisoners, daily schedule, arrangement of free time, regime changes affected by various factors, struggle of prisoners against toughening of regime, application of disciplinary sanctions and interpersonal relations among them. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the author is first to characterize the routine of political prisoners of Tobolsk Governorate in the context of extreme conditions of everyday life, which allows to get having a new perspective on the events taking place in the region during the late-imperial period. It is concluded that separate categories of political prisoners had a number of privileges if compared to criminal offenders. The majority of penitentiary facilities of Tobolsk Governorate were characterized by overcrowding and anti-sanitary state of prison wards, insufficient supply of food, clothes and footgear. To a large extent, the conditions depended on country’s domestic political situation, policy of prisoner authorities, peculiarities of adaptation of political prisoners to extreme conditions, and their commitment to achieving goals.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.2.28909

Abstract: The object of this research is the persona of A. N. Ushakov – the deputy of State Duma of the first convocation from Tob0lsk Governorate. The subject is his sociopolitical activity in 1906. Currently, there are no publications with sufficient description of his role in the sociopolitical processes unfolded in the governorate and the country during the establishment of the Russian parliamentarism. In order to fill the gaps in the deputy’s biography, the author examines and analyzes the materials from the personal fund preserved in the State Archive of Tobolsk, regional periodicals, and published sources. The methods of biographical analysis allow delving into the most significant events of A. N. Ushakov’s life – arrest, exile to the north of governorate for organizing the congress of peasants of Tobolsk District, election into the 1st State Duma, signing of “Vyborg Manifesto” after the disassembly of State Duma. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that it is the first work in historiography dedicated to A. N. Ushakov. The conclusion is made that the biographical materials of A. N. Ushakov are undeniably relevant for studying the establishment of parliamentarism in Russia, as well as sociopolitical history of the region overall. The revealed sources testify to the fact that with his official and social activity, Ushakov earned respect among his contemporaries who entrusted him with the right to represent Tobolsk Governorate in the 1st State Duma.