DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.3.70029

Abstract: The article examines the issue of applying of the complex dynamic systems theory elements in the field of teaching foreign languages, analyzing the use of the Internet, cognitive poetics, and journalism. In all these areas, the attractor model is mainly used. An attractor is a potential state of a system to which it is evolving. The semantics of the term is clearly dominated by the meaning of attraction. The article presents the justification of the methodological aspect in the application of the attractor model in various fields of science. An overview of domestic and foreign works in these fields is given, and various types of attractors are considered. Special attention is paid to cognitive poetics, a relatively new field of cognitive linguistics that systematically explores the relationship between the literary texts structure and their perception and conceptualization. In cognitive poetics, attractors influence the level of discourse by creating attention-attracting text objects. New types of textual attractors are proposed – neologisms (nonword), as well as elements of non-trivial lexical phrase that are not collocations. A lexical unit is a textual attractor if it attracts the reader's attention. The proof that a nonword attracts attention is that it introduces dissonance into the text, or that the lexical solution takes longer time. The proof that a nontrivial phrase can be considered a textual attractor is an increase in the reaction time to this phrase. The main contribution of the author to the study of the topic can be called the presentation of two types of new textual attractors, namely nonword and non-trivial phrase. The study of the structure and methods of producing individual author's occasional nonwords and non-trivial phrases that act as attractors in a V. Pelevin’s dystopian novel is carried out.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.2.37526

Abstract: The subject of this research is the polysemous borrowed noun “credit” in the Russian language and noun “credit” in the Anglo-American language. The goal lies in determination of the national-specific and universal collocations with the component “credit” in the Russian discourse and their translated equivalents in the Anglo-American discourse of the XIX and XXI centuries. Analysis is conducted on the collocations of "credit" formed in accordance with the pattern adjective + noun revealed by statistical methods that calculate the frequency of joint use in the dictionaries and linguistic corpora of the Russian and Anglo-American texts. The use of contrastive analysis allowed establishing the linear and vector correspondences between the lexeme "credit" and national-specific lacunae. The article provides the examples of the national-specific collocations with the component “credit” in the Russian and Anglo-American discourse. The research employs the Russian National Corpus, Corpus of Historical American English and the Corpus of Contemporary American English in the diachronic aspect within the time span of 1800 – 1900 and 2015 – 2019. The relevance of this work lies in the fact that the knowledge of collocations and formation of collocation competence are the essential requirements in modern communicative approach towards learning a foreign language.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.1.32069

Abstract: The subject of this research is the determination of common and different aspects in evolutionary transformations of the borrowed concepts in various linguocultures. The object of this research is the borrowed concepts of “reserve” in the Russian linguoculture and such in the French and English. The author examines the frequency characteristics of lexemes – representative concepts, semantic saturation, and structure of the concepts depending on the time and historical events in the Russian, French and English linguocultures. The ways of infiltration from the original language to recipient language are reviewed. Analysis is conducted by means of etymological, definitive, comparative and contrastive methods based on the material of national corpuses of indicated languages by appealing to dictionaries data. It is demonstrated that in the XVIII-XIX centuries the concept of “reserve” was segmental in all three languages and had three segments: “military affair”, “financial-economic activity” and “personality traits”. However, the structure of the concept of “reserve” in the Russian language has undergone transformations: the “personality traits” segment was eliminated, while in the French and English languages the conceptual attributes of personality traits” segment of the concept of “reserve” relevant back in the XVIII century, have survived to this day. The author explores the possible reasons of elimination of the segment of “personality traits” in the Russian language.