DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2023.5.43526

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the formation of the cultural and landscape environment of Moscow. The cultural landscape is considered as a result of the co-creation of nature and man, which is especially pronounced in urbanized space. This can be traced in historical and cultural contexts on the example of the territory located in the valley of the Ramenka River. The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient study of this territory, which became part of Moscow only in the middle of the twentieth century and the importance of scientific understanding of modern architectural and landscape transformations. The work is based on literary, archival, cartographic sources, data from their own local history observations. The work uses historical and cartographic research methods, as well as methods of local history observations, system-structural analysis.   The scientific novelty of the research consists in the systematization and generalization of multiple diverse information characterizing the history of the formation of the cultural landscape of one of the districts of Moscow; in identifying the factors that determined the peculiarities of the formation and change in time of these landscapes, in assessing the impact of modern architectural and urban planning approaches on the environmental situation. The main conclusions of the study: despite the centuries-old efforts of people to dominate the "nature-society-man" system, with the development of ecological culture, the priority of natural values in the formation of urban landscapes increases; the natural heritage of Moscow is an integral element of its cultural heritage; the construction of modern residential complexes near natural heritage sites, paradoxically, contributes to the improvement of environmental situation, creative improvement of the visual environment.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2021.3.36062

Abstract: The object of this research is the history of tourism development in Russia. The subject of this research is the factors and peculiarities of the development of Russian tourism in the Soviet period (1918-1991). Based on documentary and literary sources, the author characterizes the peculiarity of the phenomenon of Soviet tourism following its key stages. Special attention is given to the integration of tourism, cultural heritage, government policy, ideology, and economy during the Soviet period. Tourism is viewed in the context of socioeconomic and political transformations of the Soviet society, cultural development, and attitude towards prerevolutionary cultural heritage in the Soviet society. The article traces the formation of a new socialist cultural heritage as a factor of tourism development, effective method of ideological education, and enlightenment of the population in the context of socialist ideas. The following conclusions were made: the groundwork on tourism laid in the prerevolutionary period have subsequently been transformed; the peculiarities of Soviet tourism formed with a clear ideological component and specific types. The author indicated impeccable success achieved in the tourism sector during this period; however, it took its own peculiar path. If the foreign countries were focused on improving comfort and infrastructure, commercialization and competitiveness of services between the travel agencies, then in Soviet Russia, tourism was controlled by the government and developed in the context of the objectives of party-state building. The author’s special contribution consists in carrying out periodization of the development of Russian tourism during the Soviet time; detailed characteristic of each period; determination of specificity of using prerevolutionary cultural heritage along with new cultural objects and traditions of the Soviet time in tourism. The novelty consists in revealing the key peculiarities and stages of tourism development in Soviet Russia. Tourism is viewed in relation to the development and new perception of the cultural heritage of Russia, as well as the development of peculiar unique approaches towards the dominant sites for tourist visits.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2019.7.29120

Abstract: The object of the study is the Pushkin heritage. The subject of the study is historical and geographical features of formation and spread of memorials, which are related to the life and art of A.S. Pushkin in pre-revolutionary and Soviet Russia, across the country. Special attention is paid to the preservation of Pushkin heritage. Memorable places associated with A.S. Pushkin; processes of creation of outstanding monuments, dedicated to the poet; perpetuating of his name in the names of cities and streets, in the development of tourist routes, were studied. A historical and geographical research method was chosen as a principal one, also a historical-comparative, historical-systemic, statistical, and cartographic methods were used. The main conclusions of the conducted research are: close attention was paid to the memorialization of Pushkin heritage at all stages of development of the Russian statehood. The vast majority of memorial objects, tourist routes to Pushkin places is located in the European part of Russia. The name of Pushkin is one of the most common in the toponymy of the country. 

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2018.5.26932

Abstract: The article is focused on analyzing the phenomenon of “proletarian tourism” as the embodiment of a new revolutionary approach to the organization of tourist traffic in the period of the active development of the Soviet way of life in the 1930s in the USSR. The article's research subject is the features of the development of proletarian tourism in the context of the socio-economic development of the Soviet state and in conjunction with the formation of new and the reinterpretation of the existing cultural heritage sites of the country. On the basis of documentary sources, guidebooks and other pre-revolutionary publications, the author describes the conditions and factors in the development of proletarian tourism, its ideological foundations and primary objects of tourist visits. The author pays particular attention to the new types of tourism of that period: industrial, agrarian, exploratory, and anti-pilgrimages. The study is based on historical-genetic, historical-geographical, problem-analytical and retrospective research methods, as well as the method of system-structural analysis. The novelty of this research is that for the first time in historiography the phenomenon of proletarian tourism in the years 1930-1936 is presented in such a systematic and historical manner. The author demonstrates the difference of this phenomenon from the pre-revolutionary traditions of excursional, educational, and tourist activities, as well as the differences from the “golden decade” in the development of guided excursions and local history studies of 1918-1929. The article reveals the ideological attitudes of proletarian tourism and examines the process of its implementation. The author also underlines the changes in the primary cultural heritage sites of tourist destinations. A significant decrease in the level of tourist information support was found, reflected in the decrease in the number of published guidebooks and view cards as compared to the pre-revolutionary period, as well as in a decrease in their quality.