Abstract: Severe measures of fighting against illegal sale of mammoth fossils undertaken by the global community have caused the boom on the mammoth fossils market. Considering that the greatest part of the mammoth fossils remains has been discovered in the territory of the Russian Arctic, the legal regulation of mammoth fossils in Russia is of pure research interest. In her article Belolyubskaya analyzes peculiarities of the legal regulation of this sphere at the federal and regional levels in the Russian Federation. Until present, the federation constituents have been playing the main role in collection and extraction of mammoth fossils. However, the boom on the mammoth fossils market have resulted in the need to adopt a federal law that would declare mammoth fauna remains as the natural resource of the country. The researcher has analyzed legal documents of both federal and regional levels that regulate the processes of collection and extraction of mammoth fossils. As an example, the researcher analyzes the legislative experience of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) where regulation of the turnover of mammoth fossils has been under close attention since the 1990s. The researcher focuses on whether mammoth fossils should be declared as natural resource and possible consequences of such decision for native communities of the Russian Arctic.