Abstract: This article examines the social ill-being as a factor of suicidal behavior of the minors. The author analyzes the factors of social ill-being of population in the Republic of Buryatia, as well as its impact upon suicidal behavior of the minors. Over the recent years, there have been recorded 39.6 cases of suicide per 100,000 people, which is double the nationwide average. It ranks 4th among the 85 subjects of the Russian Federation by the frequency of suicides. It is determined that one of the factors of social ill-being is the low level of personal income in the republic, income inequality, and presence of categories of people with income below subsistence level. The survey data among the school students demonstrates the correlational link not only of the unlawful behavior, asocial lifestyle, but also the consistent depressive emotional state with the socioeconomic factors. The acquired important applied and theoretical positions on the social nature of suicidal behavior are of particular interest from the perspective of psychology, sociology and social work.