DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2020.9.33794

Abstract: This article discusses formation of the concept of “genre” in France of the Late Middle Ages and Renaissance, as well as codification of the corresponding term in literary language. The subject of this research is denominations of the category of genre used by the authors of theoretical treatises of the XV – XVI centuries, and the concept of “genre”, which was gradually introduced into the French theory of poetry. The goal is to determine the stages of development of the category of genre within the framework of French theoretical texts of the XV – XVI centuries, as well as denominations for the genre forms employed by the theoreticians, their similarities and differences. An attempt is made to identify at which point in French theory appears the interpretation of the term “genre” similar to the modern one. The novelty of consists in analysis of the concept of genre in diachrony based on the material of French treatises of the XV – XVI centuries. Majority of the texts considered in the article did not receive due attention within the Russian literary studies, which substantiates the relevance of studying French literary theory of the Renaissance Era. It is demonstrated that the authors of French treatises of the XV century denoted the concept of genre as “rithme”, “taille”, “manière”, “façade”, “espèce”, using them as synonyms within the framework of a single text. However, by the early XVI century, the genre form is viewed as a separate category; therefore, the number of denominations s is gradually reduced. For the first time, the term “genre” was used in the literary context in Pierre Fabre’s treatise of 1521; although at that time it partially keeps the meaning borrowed from Latin. The terms was codified later, in 1555, in Jacques Peletier’s “Art Poétique”; and from this point on it was applied by literary theoreticians for denoting different types of genre forms.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2020.8.33594

Abstract: This article is devoted to the specifics of the functioning of normative poetics in France at the turn of the XVI-XVII centuries on the example of "French poetic Art" by Pierre Lodin d'aigalier. The author of the treatise raises a fairly wide range of issues in his work, but the subject of our study is only one rather narrow aspect: the problem of the gradual systematization of genres in France of the XVI century. The purpose of the study is to study the list of genres of "French poetic Art" by Pierre Lodin d'aigalier, to determine what its uniqueness is, and also to find out what role this treatise played in the process of forming a system of genres. The novelty of the work consists in an attempt to comprehensively consider the question of the gradual formation and formation of the genre system in French poetry. Loden's poetic art is practically not studied in the Russian literary tradition, and therefore this study becomes relevant for expanding ideas about the theoretical texts of the French Renaissance. We can identify a number of features that allow us to talk about the special role of the treatise in the formation of the French genre system. Firstly, Pierre Lodin d'aigalier characterizes the current situation of genres, which contributes to rethinking the meaning of a particular form within the framework of a gradually emerging system. Secondly, Loden includes solid forms in his list of genres, such as le, virelle, kok-a-lan, blazon, which the poets of the Pleiades called for to be discarded. Thirdly, "French Poetic Art" stands out among other treatises by its desire to fix the real situation of modern poetry by describing new genres that were not previously mentioned in theoretical treatises. Thus, the "French Poetic Art" by Pierre Lodin d'aigalier presents an original list of genres, one of the main goals of which is to summarize the evolution of national literature and the theory of poetry by the end of the XVI century.