Abstract: The goal of this article is to determine the peculiarities of translation of national-cultural lexicon based on the analysis of Maisms (Mexican national lexical units of Spanish language in the state of Quintana Roo) and Maorisms (New Zealand national lexical units of English language). The article substantiates the need for knowing accuracies and specifics of formation and development of lexical units of national-cultural nature. Lexical units are examined in their historical evolution, as well as in modern synchronous context. Semantic meanings of the aforementioned terms are viewed through the prism of translation paradigm. The research material contains the survey of informants – residents of the indicated regions, as well as unilingual and bilingual academic dictionaries. The scientific novelty consists in comprehensive examination of specific characteristics of translation of the national-cultural lexicon on the example of two unrelated lexical national-cultural groups, as well as in analysis of the relevant lexical changes of linguistic units at the current stage of development of New Zealand version of English language and territorial dialect of Spanish language in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. It is proven that lack of knowledgeability of translators in the field of lexical aspects of the national-cultural language leads to misperception and subsequent inaccurate interpretation of speech patterns, oral and written texts.