DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2022.6.38154

Abstract: The economy has been an integral part of the life of all mankind since the most ancient times. The development of this science is directly related to the activities of people in a particular historical period. Various spheres and areas of life have undergone numerous changes under the influence of numerous factors, such as the formation of states, changes in political regimes, scientific discoveries and many others. Very few works are devoted to philosophical issues of Modern economics. As a result, the main concepts of socio-economic issues in the philosophical thought of the Modern era became the subject of the study. The author examines in detail the reasons and prerequisites for the formation of economic science. In Modern times, it is being formed into an autonomous system. Special attention is paid to the transformation of such basic economic categories as economy, labor, interests, and need. Economic problems during this period are permeated with a new philosophical meaning. The main conclusions of the philosophical analysis are the identification of new human relationships, both to himself and to society. There are new attitudes to man, to nature, to work, to trade, to wealth. Analyzing their contents, the author reveals a general idea of the nature of economic activity of this era. As a result, it turns out that the economic ideas of the philosophers of this period, in particular T. Hobbes, A. Smith and B. Mandeville, affect a number of very important aspects of the essence of man and influence the further development of economic theory as a whole. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that generalizing the ideas of philosophers about economic issues, the author combines them into three approaches.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2021.2.35278

Abstract: This article examines the economic views of the Renaissance philosophers. The socio-philosophical thought of this period raises the value and moral-ethical problems in economic sphere, as well as attempts to solve them. The subject of this research is the attitude towards the economic wealth of an individual and society. The goal is to reveal and structurize the economic ideas of the Renaissance philosophers. The relevance of this work lies in the overview of the philosophical concepts that reflect the economic ideas and value peculiarities of that time. Special attention is given to the development of foreign trade, which was accelerated by the Age of Discovery. The Renaissance era is complex phenomenon of human culture, where opens a new perspective upon articulation and solution of the old problems. For example, in discussing wealth and poverty, the philosophers raised the problem of social inequality, claiming the many people are poor not because they do not want to work, but because they were born to be poor. In this era, the bourgeois class, feudal lords and the highest royal nobility owned almost all lands, making it extremely difficult for ordinary people to become wealthy. This marked the “revolution” within the system of values, as well as in sociopolitical and economic spheres. Among the factors affecting the evolution of economic thought, the author indicates the problems of the development of economic activity and change in the subject area of economic tasks, both of which required a theoretical reflection. The author explores the solution of these tasks by different philosophers, as well as follows the evolution of the internal logic of economic views.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2020.8.33038

Abstract: This article examines the philosophy of economic of the Ancient Greece. Philosophical thought of the classics of ancient philosophy raises value and moral-ethnical questions in economic sphere and seeks the ways for their solution. The subject of this research is the stance on economic goods of the ancient society. The goal consists in description of the economic ideas of Xenophon, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Modern philosophical studies do not give due attention to the philosophy of economics, which is not fair, since the discipline “Philosophy of Economics” is aimed primarily at clarification of the essence of philosophical problems of economics, substantiation of the need for scientific cognition of economic relations and the underlying socioeconomic laws. The novelty lies in carrying out a referential overview of philosophical concepts that reflect economic ideas in Ancient Greek philosophy of the classical period. The prerequisites of economic ideas within the system of philosophical knowledge reveal and substantiate two these: inseparability of economic knowledge from ethics and politics, and the regards household management as an art. Economic teachings can be found in works of many Ancient Eastern, Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman philosophers; however, the textbooks do not usually include the ancient economic thought into the general course. The author believes that the fundamentals of economics established namely in this era, and this fact cannot be wiped out of history. The philosophical understanding of worldview and scientific fundamentals, knowledge of economics and economic system as a whole, including everything related to the economy, its place in natural world, society and human culture is very important and should be studied in universities.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2019.11.31480

Abstract: This article reveals the problem of behavior of an economic entity. The author analyzes the ideas of Daniel Kahneman, Amos Tversky and Richard Thaler, who in their theories explore the decision-making process of an economic entity and which motives affect their economic choice. The research gives answers to the questions of how great is the gap between the theoretical model of economic human and the reality, which consequences it leads to, hos the modern behavioral economic theory transforms the understanding of the rational economic subject and develops an irrational component. Socio-philosophical analysis of establishment and transformation of behavior of en economic entity leans on reconstructions of the philosophical, social and economic theories, objective socioeconomic relations in the public arena. The scientific-theoretical analysis suggests examining the basic structures and patterns of the process of transformation of behavior of an economic entity: 1) economics represented in socio-philosophical theories; 2) critical socio-philosophical reflection. The article determines the socio-philosophical status of economic entity; proposes and substantiates the objective differentiating criteria of their behavior in the classical and nonclassical socio-philosophical theories; reveals and analyzes the mechanism of transformation of an economic entity within the system of subject-practical activity and social philosophical culture. On the example of historical and theoretical-philosophical material, the author analyzes the key trends in transition of behavior of an economic entity; as well as defines the merits and flaws caused by such transformations.