DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2020.6.34666

Abstract: The subject of this research is the history of life, professional and social activity of the Mikhailov spouses – county physicians and philanthropists in the Southern Coast of Crimea throughout several decades of the first half of the XX century. The circumstances of this history, reconstructed in historiography for the first time based on comprehensive examination of the newly introduced into the scientific discourse sources (archives, materials from the museum funds, periodicals, sources of personal origin),  are placed into the context of large-scale sociocultural shifts that took place in the region and nationwide at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries and the first half of the XX century. The scientific novelty consists in reconstruction of the important page in the history of development of county medicine and philanthropy in the Southern Coast of Crimea in the early XX century. Due to the fact that in accordance with the modern requirements of historiographical direction of “ego-history”, the dynamics of personal fate of the heroes is viewed against the background of social correlations, The new data is acquired on the history of development of the Southern Coast of Crimea in the early XX century by the representatives of different strata of the Russian society – nobility, merchantry, and intelligentsia, as well as on establishment of the special sociocultural environment in the region.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2020.3.33467

Abstract: The subject of this research is the history of two recognized landmarks of the Southern Bank of Crimea – villas Seafront villas “Mechta” and “Kseniya” in the rural locality Simeiz near Yalta. The were erected in the early XX century, and since then are the center of attention for admirers of the relics, residents and guests of this resort town, and its urban development dominant. For the first time in historiography, based on the newly introduced archival sources form museum collections, as well as the sources of historical memory, is reconstructed the sequence of transfer of ownership of land parcels, on which both buildings are erected. The author also discovers the names of the people who commissioned construction of both villas, as well as their architects. The work describes the fate of buildings, their owners and descendants after arrival of the Soviet government and nationalization of private property on the Southern Bank of Crimea. The scientific novelty consists not only in the conducted documental reconstruction of the fate of two historical and cultural landmarks of the late XIX – early XX century, which description hat lots of gaps in the historical, art and local lore literature, but also in placing this reconstruction into the context of examination of Russia’s sociocultural modernization in the beginning of the XX century, formation of new social strata with characteristic to them new culture of leisure and aesthetization of life. The revealed by the author sources and information contribute to preservation of Russian cultural heritage, as well as can be applied by the historians in the area of social history, history of culture, history of leisure, and history of mentality.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2019.6.31351

Abstract: The article's topic is the history of the most famous monument of the southern coast of Crimea, its "business card" - the Swallow's Nest Castle. For the first time in Russian historiography, based on an analysis of a body of sources - primarily archival, but also published memoirs and visuals - the authors disprove the existing common errors in scientific and popular literature and resolve long-standing disputes: the sequence of land purchases on Cape Ai-Todor during the 19th - early 20th centuries, the construction of the summer house-castle "Swallow's Nest", the reconstruction in 1913 and the change in appearance, as well as the castle's history after its nationalization by the Soviet government and throughout the 20th century. The authors introduce into scientific circulation documents, which were discovered by them, from the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea, the Russian State Historical Archive, and the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg. The information found is supported by data from numerous memoirs and visual sources. The novelty of the research undertaken by the authors lies primarily in their reconstruction of the true history of this important monument of Russian culture from the late 19th - early 20th century - the Swallow’s Nest Castle, which is also an important symbol of Russia's development of the southern coast of Crimea as a resort destination in popular culture. The author presents the resolution of long-standing disputes over the owners and builders of this monument and the sequence of their change.