DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2020.7.33513

Abstract: The object of this research is the problem of confrontation between the traditional forms of economic activity of ethnocultural communities and unifying effect of economic integration in the context of migration processes. The establishment of world economic system in the modern conditions of global transformation created an unprecedented level of interdependence of the economies of nation states and general rules of their functioning. At the same time, the traditional forms of economies that are greatly affected by ethnic factor also retain. The author explores such questions as definition of the concepts “ethnic economy” and “ethnic entrepreneurship” within the scientific discourse, the factors of emergence of these economic phenomena, proclivity of particular ethnoses for commercial activity and small business. Special attention is paid to the analysis of ethnic entrepreneurship as a form of economic activity of local communities in the foreign cultural space. It is demonstrated that being in a new social environment and attempting to adjust to it, the representatives of ethnic group occupy free zones in economic system of the country, or create own forms of economic activity related to cultural traditions of the ethnos. The acquires results allow to theoretically substantiate that ethnic identity has a strong economic potential, which manifests in the forms of ethnic economy, ethnic entrepreneurship, and stimulates the process economic adaptation of migrants in the accepting society. Affiliation to a particular ethnocultural community significantly influences economic behavior of the people; its specificity is defined by the set of historical, cultural, and economic and living conditions of the ethnos. Economic potential of ethnic identity is substantiated by a number of factors: historically established forms of organization of economic activity of the ethnos; preservation of economic structure due to localization of life of the traditional communities; reproduction of the tested model of economic behavior; specifics of economic culture with the value orientations of a local ethnic community.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-7144.2020.5.33026

Abstract: The subject of this research is the problem of politicization of ethnicity. This trend is substantiated by actualization of ethnic identity, which received the name of “ethnic renaissance” that affected the majority of population in different countries and continents, and became a natural response to the challenges of globalization. The author examines such aspects of the topic, as the analysis of politicization of ethnicity in the scientific discourse, process of political mobilization of ethnic communities and its stages, types of secession movements and their characteristics. Special attention is paid to the problems of ethnic separatism and ethnonationalism, which are the result of politicization of ethnic factor. It is noted that in the conditions of ambiguous global transformations, ethnic identity activates the political resource, successfully used in the conditions of informatization of society at various levels of sociality: macro, mezo, micro. Methodological framework is comprised of constructivist paradigm that allows viewing ethnic identity as the method of organization of sociocultural being of commonality based on delineation of its “symbolic” boundaries. The acquired results allow to theoretically substantiate that ethnic identity possesses strong political potential, which creates the centers of tension and conflicts worldwide. In the conditions of transformation of the international system and new round of geopolitical confrontation, the political resource of ethnicity is fully utilized. The process of political mobilization of ethnos includes the following stages: 1) formation of political consciousness among the representatives of ethnic group; 2) ethnopolitical mobilization; 3) organization of ethno-national movement. At first two stages, the paramount role is played by political elites, and at the third – by ethnic ideology. In the current conditions of nonlinear dynamics of world system, the emergence of a large number of geopolitical actors following various goals, as well as usage of information technologies, ethnic identity is an effective instrument for consolidation, as well as deconsolidation of groups by ethnic grounds, obtains its political agency.