DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2023.6.69142

Abstract: This article examines the process of changing everyday clothes in Yakutia in the late XIX – mid XX centuries on the example of a winter suit. This historical period was marked by active modernization processes in the region, which also affected the material culture of the population. The issue of adaptation of residents of the Far North to new economic conditions is relevant in this regard: how the transition from the traditional way of life to Soviet culture took place. The hypothesis of the present study is that the culture and technologies of traditional tailoring of fur and leather have been preserved in the studied period precisely because of the need for the population to self-sustain themselves with winter clothing in conditions of shortage of goods and raw materials. The chronological framework of the study covers the period of the end of the existence of the traditional Yakut costume and ends in the middle of the twentieth century. To study the winter costume, photographic materials were used, which depicted samples of everyday clothes. Photos from the photo funds of the Yakut State United Museum of History and Culture of the Peoples of the North named after Em. Yaroslavsky, which includes images from both public and private collections, are considered. In addition, consultations with informants were held to supplement the data. This topic has not yet become the subject of special study, since the costume of this period is no longer ethnic. Nevertheless, in our opinion, it is interesting in the context of studying the adaptation of folk traditions to modernization processes. Using visual and field sources, the transformation of casual clothing in Yakutia of the studied period is considered. The authors of the article came to the conclusion that in the era of modernization there was a sharp change in the way of life, which affected the material culture of the inhabitants of Yakutia. Unification in the wardrobe of citizens of the Soviet state in the first half of the twentieth century could not always cover the needs of residents of specific climatic zones, including residents of the northern republics. This contributed to the preservation of traditional technologies of manual production of winter clothing.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2022.2.37822

Abstract: This article examines a special genre of Yakut oral literature – modern Yakut "horror stories". This new genre was formed on the basis of traditional folklore in the late Soviet period during the era of active Urabanization processes in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and is a genre of modern post-folklore. Proceeding from the point of view that any folklore transformations are indicators of the dynamics of public sentiment, an attempt was made to look at this genre as a reflection of some social experiences that support and are reflected in certain plots that remain more stable. The sources of the study were data from a survey conducted in 2018, in which 213 respondents took part. With the help of the obtained materials, some quantitative data were revealed, as well as the most popular and frightening motives of the modern Yakut horror story according to the respondents. The review of the most popular plots is carried out, the characteristics and regional features of the genre are given. The author comes to the conclusion that the Yakut horror story, arising during the period of urbanization processes, is the result of the decomposition of rural communications, and the characters of the modern chthonic spectrum differ from the traditional ones in their simplified appearance and universality in relation to global culture.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.9.36403

Abstract: This article examines the emergence and essence of the Yakut scare story. The modern Yakut scare story takes roots from the traditional culture, but in its genre form represents the modern urban legend. The goal of this research lies in tracing the process of synthesis from the perspective of anthropology. The author analyzes the differences between the Yakut, Soviet and Russian scary motifs, as well as determines the key traditional sources of the emergence of the Yakut scare story. The author aims to examine scare story as an important part of modern ethnic culture that retained traditional images, as a result of transition from the traditional life to an industrial society, rather analyzing separate stories through the prism of folklore studies. This defines the scientific novelty of this paper, as this topic has not previously become a separate subject of research in the scientific literature. The sources for this article employ the theoretical works about the Yakut culture, folklore overall, as well as Russian and Soviet horror stories; field materials acquired by the author, such as excerpts from interviews and sociological survey. The conclusion is made that the modern Yakut scare story has emerged in 1970s on the basis of traditional folklore, which obtains the features of the Soviet scare story and forms the new genre of modern folk art.