DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2024.2.70510

Abstract: The subject of the study is the cultural influence of the ancient Aryan population on the area of residence of the ancient Sami population. The coinciding time frames of these populations' residence in the region provide a theoretical opportunity to consider the influence of their cultures on each other. The residence of the ancient Sami should have taken place with the development of the formation of culture, which has entered into modern Sami culture, and it is quite interesting to consider the possible process of borrowing cultural elements. From the point of view of the theory of cultural penetration, the task is to substantiate the possibility of the presence of individual elements in the culture of the ancient Sami, the influence of the culture of the ancient Mari. It is necessary to briefly consider the possible ways of movement of the ancestors of modern Sami, the possibility of meeting them with the ancient Mari. It is necessary to consider both the moments of borrowing in decorative and applied art, as well as in mythology and in the formation of the pantheon of gods. The method of carrying out the work is a scientific analysis of cultural data that allows us to trace the possible path of transmission of elements of culture, mythology and decorative and applied art. The novelty of scientific research consists in obtaining results that make it possible to understand the history of the emergence and formation in the culture of the ancient Sami of some iconic elements that have reached the present time through cultural continuity. The history of Sami culture is divided into three long stages. The period of the emergence of the headdress of a Sami married woman and its special form in the Sami culture is considered, and this period is attributed to the time preceding the relationship between the ancient Mari and the ancient Sami. The period of cultural exchange and cultural penetration between the ancient Mari and the ancient Sami includes the formation of a graphic symbol in the culture of the ancient Sami to express the image of a reindeer, the formation of a mythological character of a deer Man, an ancestor, and his name. The assumption of the influence of the religion of the ancient Mari, or rather, the worship of the god Yumo, on the religious culture of the ancient Sami is considered. As proof of the residence of the ancient Mari near the area of residence of the ancient Sami, an analysis is given of the possible origin of the name of the Kostroma River associated with the deity of the sacred grove in the Mari culture. The conclusion of the scientific work consists in a comprehensive analysis of the results and the development of a judgment on the possibility of the influence of the culture of the ancient Mari on the culture of the ancient Sami.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2021.2.35406

Abstract: The subject of this research is the process of introducing the reindeer image into the life and culture of Old Sami people. From the perspective of cultural continuity, the author sets a scientific task to find culturological evidence of the existence of Old Sami people (native speakers of the southern genetic component of the Sami language). The method of conducing this research is the records of décor element, their direct comparison applicable the culture and geographical location of the settlement of Old Sami people. The territory between the Upper Sukhona and the Upper Volga Rivers is selected as geographical location for introduction of the reindeer image into the culture of Old Sami people. The analysis of acquired data gives outlook on the culturological situation in the middle of the 1st millennium BC. The reindeer image is introduced into decorative and applied art, as well as into the culture (lifestyle, household). For getting a broader perspective, the author carries the analysis of toponyms and climatic processes of this period. The novelty of this work consists in application of the synthesis of sciences to the question of comprehension of the cultural processes taking place within the environment of Old Sami people during their dwelling between the Upper Sukhona and the Upper Volga Rivers. The research result consists in acquisition of data that specify the time and place of introduction of the reindeer image into the culture of Old Sami people. The visual match of decorative geometric elements in the Sami decorative patterns and regional decorative ornaments gives grounds on the historically common main cultural heritage in the decorative and applied art of the indicated region. The conclusion lies in finding the culturological evidence of dwelling of the ancient Sami people in the territory between the Upper Sukhona and the Upper Volga Rivers, and the process of cultural development taking place during this period.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2020.10.34092

Abstract: The subject of this research is the cultural succession of decorative elements of the ethnic ornament of Sami people. In light of the migration past, the question is raised on the possibility of simultaneous assimilation and introduction into their culture of ornaments and words by the Ancient Sami population. Special attention is given to the examples of explicit concurrence of the elements. The author sets a scientific task to find the evidence of residence of the Ancient Sami people in the territory of northwest of Kostroma Region in Russia from the perspective of cultural succession. The main research method consists in the synthesis of various sciences. Archaeological research alongside the data from historical records and toponymic studies allow comparing the data in the field culture and applied art. Leaning on the analysis of literature and images, the author structures the chain of logical reasoning . The acquired data give understanding of the visual expression of the regional cultural heritage and possible assimilation of the elements of decor by the people who abandoned the territory centuries ago. The result of this research consists in providing the evidence of cultural succession, determination of timeframe and geographical area with regards to assimilation of the elements applied art of other ethnoses by the Ancient Sami population. The novelty of this work lies in comparison of decorative patterns of different generations and ethnoses, and the fact of formation of the general basic culture of Sami people. The conclusion consists in detecting the presence of decorative elements of the Mari ornament in the Sami ornament based on the analysis of various sciences. This proves the succession of cultural heritage of this region throughout multiple generations.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2019.10.30875

Abstract: The goal of this work consists in finding elements of Sami ornament in house carving in the northwest of Kostroma Oblast of the Russian Federation, as well as examination of their impact upon the development of cultural heritage of the region. The subject of this research is the decorative wooden elements of residential houses of the region and embroidery ornaments favored by the Sami people. Special attention is given to the use of décor at the present time. The author also reviews the décor of items created in the period of early settlement of Slavic people in the region. The research method is the visual fixation of elements of decorative carving, and comparison with the elements of ornaments and embellishments of different eras and peoples widespread on this geographical area. The analysis of acquires data allows understanding the visual expression of cultural heritage of the region and modern application of the décor elements of the ethnic group that left the territory thousands years ago. The result of this study consists in provision of evidence of the presence of Sami tracery in the modern house carving in the northwest of Kostroma Oblast, which underlines the succession of cultural heritage of the region in the field of applied arts. The novelty is defined by using the method of comparison of decorative traceries of different generations and peoples residing in a particular geographic area.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2019.5.31156

Abstract: The subject of this research is the wooden décor of the elements of residential houses in the northwest of Kostroma Oblast and decorative ornaments of embroidery and garments applied by Sami people in the northern territories of their contemporary dwelling. The author examines the décor of items created during the period of early displacement of Slavic people in the region. Special attention is given to the examples of clear match up of the elements. The author searches for confirmations of dwelling of the ancient Sami population in the northwest of Kostroma Oblast of the Russian population from the perspective of cultural continuity. The research method is the direct comparison of décor elements. The analysis of acquired data allows pursuing parallels in the elements of décor of the population that abandoned the territory many generations ago, as well as in the widespread modern ornaments of other population in the same territory. The author structures a chain of logical considerations, carries out the analysis of toponyms for the more in-depth overview of the area of displacement of the ancient Sami population. The scientific novelty of this work lies in studying the continuity of decorative ornaments of various ethnic groups that at various time locally resided in the same geographic area. The research result lies in obtaining of visual match of the elements of the decorative Sami ornaments and woodcarving, which suggests that the cultural heritage in the field of decorative and applied arts is historically common. This leads to another assumption that the foundation of decorative ornament was created by one of the ethnic groups, in this case by the ancient Sami population of the region, which subsequently migrated from the region. The conclusion consists in providing additional confirmation of dwelling of the ancient Sami population in the northwest of Kostroma Oblast, but from the perspective of cultural continuity.