Abstract: The subject of the study is inter-theatrical communications between China and the USSR of early-middle XIX century, Chinese theatrical performances of 1950s-1960s in Soviet theatres. The aim of the study is to conduct a brief survey and determine the key directions of the interaction of Soviet and Chinese theatrical art; to determine the ratio of the contribution to the development of Soviet and Chinese theatrical art. Citizens of the Soviet Union got acquainted with life in China not only through the media and scientific publications but also through the heritage of Chinese dramatic theatrical art. All this indicates that in the 1950s-1960s the Chinese drama theatre had really wide popularity among Soviet audiences. The basis of the study - works by Soviet and Chinese people of art, culturologists, theatre critics, and publicists. In the study, the analysis of the interaction of Soviet and Chinese theatrical art and the process of popularization of Chinese plays in the Soviet Union in the 1950s-1960s is carried out. Author's special contribution to the study of the topic is the definition of the main ways of inter-theatrical communication between China and the USSR of the early-middle XIX century. It is noted that in the Sino-Soviet cultural exchange there is a one-sidedness of the process. This one-sidedness is noted in the fact that Soviet culture had a much greater spread in China than Chinese culture in the USSR. The demand for Chinese theater in the middle XX century in the USSR was associated with the reinterpretation of works of Chinese drama by Soviet directors, their productions on the Soviet stage.