Abstract: The authors substantiate the impact of mathematical thinking upon the formation and development of modern economic thinking. Successful solution of this task requires the introduction of new approaches towards presentation of mathematical knowledge to the university students. Therefore, it must begin from the development of learning programs and methodological guidance to them, structuring of didactic support of mathematical course for teaching the students of economic directions. At the same time, an important direction in realization of quality training of a modern economist, are the criteria of the applied focus in selecting the learning didactical material for the professionally oriented mathematical tasks. Methodology of this work contains the psychological-pedagogical and theoretical analysis of the scientific and methodical literature, as well as periodical associated with the questions of structuring the professionally oriented course of the discipline. Special place hold the methods of modelling and forming experiment in creation of methodical concepts of formulating the mathematical tasks, applicable to the implied economic activity. The authors provide an example of the developed test exercise “Function and its economic applications” based on the tasks from economic theory. The tactics of describing the actual economic situation, its modeling using the mathematical methods, graphic presentation and formulation of conclusions conduce the establishment and development of the key professional competencies of a future economist.