DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2018.8.27037

Abstract: The subject of this research is geopolitics of the United States with regards to the countries of Central Asia. The object of this research is the countries of Central Asia. Since the XVIII century, the Central Asia region has been a geopolitical object of global importance.  Thus, one of the key reasons of US-Russian contention accompanied by large conflicts and chaos was the contest for Central and South Asia. Attention is given to theoretical substantiation of the positions and status of the countries of Central Asia region in geopolitics of the United States. The author underlines the theoretical comprehension of the region from the two opposing positions: on one hand – the “geopolitics of Atlanticists”, and on the other – the “geopolitics of Eurasia”. The positions of the United States strengthen after dissolution of the Soviet Union, which allowed to unstintingly structure the policy, implementing its projects of the republics of Central Asia. Currently, the geopolitical status of Central Asia region has changed; namely, its role on the international arena has been increasing, which affected the national policy of the countries.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8671.2018.3.27035

Abstract: The subject of the research is the areas of the USA policy in Central Asia. The object of the research is the policy of the USA. The author of the article underlines particular areas of the region's life the USA policy is directed at. These are the human rights and support of civil liberties organisations, the process of democratization in the region and assertion of democratic values, trades and investments. The states of the region have rich natural resources such as uranium, gas, oil, aluminium , cotton and gold. At the same time, they have very different state structures, - democratic, authoritarian, and neutral. The researcher provides trading volumes of the USA with Central Asia member states for 2013 as well as data about the financial support that has been given by America during the period since 1992 till 2015. The economic structure of the member states is oriented at the markets of the foreign states that are parts of the WTO and Eurasian Economic Union. The author of the article focuses on the contents of such USA programs as the 'ensuring safety and control over military equipment', 'drug control', and 'anti-terrorist campaign'. The main areas of America's policy in Kyrgyzstan were more of political, military, humanitarian and anti-terroristic nature while the economic factor was not so evident. Thus, during the post-Soviet period of their development, the region's countries selected different political, economic and humanitarian policy (democratic, authoritarian or neutral). That had a different effect on their relations with the USA.