Abstract: The subject of this research is the activity of medical expedition of RSFSR National Healthcare Committee in Tuvan People’s Republic (TPR) during 1928-1933; while the objects is the relationship between USSR and TPR. The author focuses attention on the establishment of relationship between the USSR and TPR by means of dispatching medical personnel to the Tuvan People’s Republic, makes an assumption about the number of expedition participants, as well as characterizes the main results of the activity of the National Healthcare Committee during their stay. The scientific novelty is defined by conclusions built on the basis of the archival materials from the State Archive and sources of the Aldan Maadyr National Museum. The historical-hermeneutic method alongside the historical-comparative method were applied in the course of this work. The author also analyzes the activity of medical expedition in the context of cultural relationship between the Soviet Union and Tuvan People’s Republic.