Abstract: In any state, the elite exerts significant impact upon the foreign policy course; at the same time, the elites of traditional societies are yet insufficiently studied. The article attempts to determine the peculiarities of Afghan elite, the features that it imparts upon Afghanistan’s foreign policy, as well as provide the corresponding examples from its history. The factors that triggered such peculiarities are analyzed through the prism of the country’s history and regional geography. The author pursues correlation of the elite and Afghanistan’s foreign policy course with the Pareto’s elite concept, Weber’s national state, and political realism. A conclusion on discrepancy between the elite and Afghanistan’s foreign policy and the traditional European concept of the national elite, state and foreign policy, gives grounds for the more careful and meticulous establishment of relationship with this country. The search for such discrepancies admonishes the erroneous reliance on the mechanisms of market economy and exported democracy.