DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2020.11.32067

Abstract: The object of this research is the methods used in design practices of post-Soviet time to give historical appearance to landscapes of former estates of Moscow region, which faded away, i.e. the methods of historicization. The landscapes under review are being protected by the government as the objects of Moscow cultural heritage, and designated as museums (reserve museums) and public parks. The subject of this research is disclosure of the essence of these methods and their assessment from the perspective of alignment with historical primary sources, implementation, proliferation, and attractiveness. The author conducts systematization of methods in accordance to the degree of conformance to the historical realities, and divides them into the following groups: 1) that provide accurate reproduction of historical forms, 2) that create similarities, 3) that create new forms. Each group is divided into subgroups. By frequency of application, the leading place belongs to the methods of first group, which are aimed at reproduction of the shapes of buildings and structures. The rest two methods focus on reviving the memory of the past. The application is attributed to new construction, which can be assessed as landscape evolution and a modern artistic phenomenon. The methods of second group lead to landscape development in spirit of historicism, while the methods of third group – to the development of territory based on modern vision of the past. The conducted analysis is valued for the general outlook upon the process of preservation of one of the most complex types of cultural heritage of Moscow.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2018.9.27284

Abstract: The object of the research is the landscapes of 33 historical estates that were built near Moscow in the XVII-XIX centuries and are now protected as objects of cultural heritage of Moscow. The boundaries of these objects were developed by the author of the article in 1972 for placing on state protection as monuments of landscape art. The subject of research is the changes that have occurred during this time and essential parameters of the estate landscapes. These parameters include the preservation of the territory, type of use, restoration and state of the landscape. The researcher has used the method of comparative analysis of the specified parameters of objects in the 1970s and in our time. The research results demonstrate that the boundaries of the monuments approved by the state in the 1970s were not violated but clarified. In the area of change in use, positive phenomena have been established in terms of preservation of cultural heritage sites: museumification (5 territories), revival of temples (19 temples), transfer of the territory of the Russian Orthodox Church (3), increasing the status of users (2), and negative phenomena: user loss (3) an increase in the number of territories closed to public access (from 10 to 12). In the area of restoration, quantitative and qualitative prevalence of buildings over the park (25 and 10 territories) was recorded, which creates visual dissonance. The parks are leveling historical parameters (20 territories). When parks were restored, the tendency to include new forms consonant with historical ones was revealed. Landscapes thus formed are proposed to be considered as developing historical landscapes. The analysis performed is valuable in terms of the evolution of one of the most complex types of cultural heritage in Moscow. An additional contribution of the author is specific suggestions for optimizing the process.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2013.3.7429

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2013.1.7222

Abstract: