DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2017.12.22089

Abstract: The subject of this research is one of the most interesting stages in the development of German legal education, characterized by an unprecedented experiment on testing a monophasic model of preparation of lawyers. The authors set a goal to examine the essence, causes and consequences of the reform undertaken in the system of German legal education over the period of 1971-1984, as well as reveal the advantages and disadvantages of the new educational pursuing correlation with the current Russian realities. The example of the federal state of Baden-Württemberg, which was actively engaged in the innovation activity and achieved measurable results, clearly demonstrates the implementation and organization of the educational process in accordance with the new monophasic model. The article introduces the works of the German authors and separate normative documents (federal and state laws) that have not been translated into the Russian language, and thus inaccessible to large audience. It is established that the realization of the experiment on testing the monophasic model of preparation of lawyers as an antipode to the entrenched classical diphasic model, was caused by the public dissatisfaction with the quality and protracted character of legal education. It was legitimized by the adoption of a so-called “experimental clause” in the § 5b of the German Act on the Legal Status of Judges of September 10, 1971. The result of this reform led to the reduction of term of legal education to six years due to intensification of the educational process, elimination of the dualism of theory and practice, increase of the research component in education, as well as focus on the individualization of education and orientation towards formation of the socially adjusted personality of a lawyer. The results of the experiment have received mostly positive evaluations from all the participants, however, due to sociopolitical motives, the implementation of the new model of preparation of lawyers has been declined. The very idea of the monophasic legal education alongside the active process of diversification in the area of rendering educational services is currently being implemented; and so are the principles proclaimed by the reformers of the 1970’s – 1980’s[WU1] , which are relevant for Russia due to joining to the Bologna Process.  [WU1]

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2017.5.20290

Abstract: This article examines the question of preparation of specialists for juridical services in Prussia in the late XIX – early XX centuries. Based on the comprehension of texts of the separate legal sources, including those published using the Gothic script, the authors are firsts in the Russian literature to introduce into the scientific circulation the results of fundamental studies of the German legal scholars directly concerning the historical legal development and reorganization of the system of juridical education in Germany. The scientific novelty of this work consists in determination of the substantial impact of Prussian tradition of preparation of legal personnel upon the formation of the German nationwide system of juridical education, the modern structure of which is characterized as “dual-phase”, consisting of the “university education” and “legal Referendariat” (i.e. preliminary service). Such conclusion will be valuable or the Russian specialists in the field of educational law, who pay due attention to the modern comparative studies, as well as others interested in trends and issues of modernization of the Russian and foreign juridical education.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2016.12.16987

Abstract: The subject of this research is the process of establishment and development of legal education in Germany coupled with the cultural-historical and political-legal factors; impact of the Prussian tradition of legal personnel training upon formation of the all-German system of legal education; peculiarities of the extramural practical education of lawyers in legal clerkship (Referendariat); final exam on eligibility for judges seat; ways of insertion of the Western system of legal education and German jurisprudence into Russia; as well as structure of the existing German traditional legal education. The results of this work consist in the following: determination of the main prerequisites of emergence and historical reorganization of the system of German legal education; demonstration of the dependence of professional training of legal personnel upon the changing demands of German state and society; revelation of the historical roots of the German law school; examination of specificities of evolution of the forms and methods of lawyers in organizational-legal and informative aspects; introduction of the original works in the area of German legal education in historical retrospective into the Russian scientific discourse. The author highlights the positive experience of the German system of traditional training of legal personnel under the conditions of the so-called “Bologna Process”. The main conclusion lies in the thesis that namely Prussian system of preparation of highly qualified legal personnel comprises the foundation of the modern German legal education, which Germany is unwilling to abandon even in the conditions of «Bolonization» and integration of the European higher school.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2016.12.42875

Abstract: The subject of this research is the process of establishment and development of legal education in Germany coupled with the cultural-historical and political-legal factors; impact of the Prussian tradition of legal personnel training upon formation of the all-German system of legal education; peculiarities of the extramural practical education of lawyers in legal clerkship (Referendariat); final exam on eligibility for judges seat; ways of insertion of the Western system of legal education and German jurisprudence into Russia; as well as structure of the existing German traditional legal education. The results of this work consist in the following: determination of the main prerequisites of emergence and historical reorganization of the system of German legal education; demonstration of the dependence of professional training of legal personnel upon the changing demands of German state and society; revelation of the historical roots of the German law school; examination of specificities of evolution of the forms and methods of lawyers in organizational-legal and informative aspects; introduction of the original works in the area of German legal education in historical retrospective into the Russian scientific discourse. The author highlights the positive experience of the German system of traditional training of legal personnel under the conditions of the so-called “Bologna Process”. The main conclusion lies in the thesis that namely Prussian system of preparation of highly qualified legal personnel comprises the foundation of the modern German legal education, which Germany is unwilling to abandon even in the conditions of «Bolonization» and integration of the European higher school.