DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2017.1.18798

Abstract: The subject of this research is the problem of persecutions of the human rights advocates in the Baltic States. The object of this research is the strategies of national security in the Baltic States examined through the prism of ethnic nationalism, where the persecutions manifest as the tool of their realization. The presented work is the first in academic literature to study the impact of ethnic nationalism upon the social and state development and understanding of security, as well as suggests as an evident example a yet insufficiently studied problem of persecution of the human rights supporters. Thus, the article reviews such topics, as the strategies of national security in the context of the Baltic countries’ policy of ethnic nationalism, questions of sovereignty, and international law within the framework of supporting the human rights advocates. Examination of these aspects allows answering the relevant question – why it is not possible to establish the status quo in social and state development of the Baltic countries. The research leans on the institutional method, taking into account the analysis of legal norms and work of the corresponding institutions that ensure implementation of the national security strategies in Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that ethnic nationalism is presented ad a structural element of national security strategies in the Baltic States. In addition to that, the author is first to raise a question about the methods of realization of national security strategies, which are reflected in the persecutions of human rights advocates. The article also examines the regional level (Baltic countries) in the more extensive geopolitical context, which allows binding together the tasks and strategies proposed by Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania with the task that the acting geopolitical determinants are faced with.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-7144.2015.10.1645

Abstract: The subject of the research is the political views of the Russian liberal public, or is wider, "not system opposition". Object of research - a position of leaders of "not system opposition" on fascism and Nazism, interpretation of these definitions and all circumstances and the phenomena by them, with them connected. The purpose of the real research – to give the forecast of reaction of the Russian liberals for attempt to bring definition of Nazism (fascism), and also research of ideas of modern Russian liberals of Nazism (fascism) in the Russian legislation. Authors in detail consider scientific ideas of Nazism and fascism and reveal the key points of view of the Russian liberals, whose approach causes fears of a trivialization of fascism. Research methods – the system analysis and the content analysis. These methods allow to investigate the Russian liberal public as the group possessing certain signs among which in work as the leader the view of fascism and Nazism is considered. Content the analysis was applied to studying of public statements of the Russian liberals. Novelty of the presented research consists in that. that for the first time in scientific work the question of transformation of definitions of fascism and Nazism in political tools which actively are used recently by bright representatives so-called "not system opposition" of Russia was raised. In addition, authors managed to come to a number of the scientific finds, for example, connected with views of liberals of the Soviet period in the history of Russia. Is important as well that authors could develop concrete recommendations which can be useful in legislative process during development of the relevant law on fascism (Nazism).

DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2015.2.14485

Abstract: The subject of this research is the appeals of political institutions and declarations and statements of politicians, who use accusations of international crimes as a political instrument. The goal of this work is to conduct a thorough analysis of this issue (causes, forms of appeal, possible consequences), as it not only testifies to the existence of the so-called double standards, but also a method of strengthening the stereotypes regarding specific nations, and means of destroying an image of a country. The article gives a detailed examination of the following political statements: “regime crimes”, “declaration” of an international crime, “condemnation” of a nation. The authors also analyze the nature of “punishments” introduced against one or another country in the form of sanctions for the said “crimes”. The main sources for this work were the international legal documents, as well as the statements and declarations of political leaders. The article is first to research the use of international law as a political instrument for solving specific tasks before particular circles of individuals or country. The authors formulate the question, and compile a catalogue of similar political appeals.

DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2014.3.11170

Abstract: Ñonstitutional nationalism means formation of a long-term problem of racial (ethnic) discrimination as testifies to existence of these or those norms on the basis of which the ethnic minority (even when it historically lives in the territory of this or that state) appears in unequal situation. This problem interferes with realization of problems of creation of civil society and carrying out the national policy directed on stabilization of political development, and is sign as for many states of the former Soviet Union, and Europe. On the basis of the comparative analysis for the first time in the academic science ways of penetration of nationalism in the constitutional texts of various states are investigated. Political and historical approach allows to draw parallels of development of the constitutional thought with an event outline and expectations of political elite of the studied states. As a result of research nationalism and Nazism markers in constitutions of the states of Europe and the former Soviet Union that makes scientific novelty of work which is actual and for legal and political practice of many states were defined. These markers can serve as the tool at performance of the UNGAResolution No. 67/154 of 20.12.2013 and help in understanding of those political processes which happen in different regions of Europe and the world. During work markers of nationalism were separated from Nazism markers. It allowed to reveal as the general character of a problem of growth of national discrimination in the different countries, and existence of opportunities of toughening of a political regime concerning ethnic minorities. The most serious problem appears in the countries of the Central and Eastern Europe.