DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2016.3.18276

Abstract: The subject of this research is the opera libretto, its importance, role and place in the process of staging a spectacle. The author emphasizes that opera libretto cannot contend for priority in interpretation of the initial literary material, or life story, because it is created only under the influence of a composer who writes the music for the opera. The opera libretto in the literary text is oriented on the idea of a composer, rather than a librettist, the idea that is placed in the score. Thus libretto can never become an independent carries of the opera plot, and the director of a play cannot base on the storyline captured in the libretto. For preparation of this research the author studied a large volume of literature dedicated to the issue of libretto writing, as well as the problem of realization of composer’s idea in opera theatre. The growing trend towards modernization of libretto via rewriting of the historical classical text, created in union with the composer, can result in the perishing of the very form of the art of “opera spectacle”. In an attempt to make the opera “more acceptable” for the modern audience, the librettists strive to endow the plot with “modern” “entertainment”, and in doing so, destroy the very goal and purpose of the opera work.  

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2016.2.17850

Abstract: The subject of the research is the interpretation of the mechanism for interpreting the author's content in directing. Particular attention is paid to the exact distinction between "art" and "life". The author specifies the fundamental differences between these two concepts and expressed the idea of inadmissibility of "copyism" on stage. It is shown that "art"  is a special type of "the mounted object" that is based on a number of concepts emerging in the unity of ideas. It is emphasized that idea is the organizing structural principle of an artificial object, the author also shows in detail how and by what means a 'physical object' turns into 'artificial'. It is emphasized that the author's intent is the "first-level" interpretation of life, and directing is the "second-level" interpretation of life.  The article provides a thorough theoretical analysis, which allows to highlight certain aspects, features, aspects and operations of the mechanism of interpretation. In addition, the author studies examines literature on the theory of drama and opera directing (a small part of which is shown in the list of references) with a detailed note-taking and citation. Analysis of a large body of classical theoretical literature on the theory of the active analysis of the play, as well as modern materials of the periodical press allows to establish that over the past thirty years nothing substantial has been done in the sphere of directing theory. The academic community has not created any new concepts, neither has it clarified a specific active analysis of the play or director's script. In particular,  the mechanism of the director's interpretation of the author's dramatic material, the way of its functioning in the production of the play have never been fully described or revealed. This gives rise to a huge number of loose interpretations in directing practice and leads not only to the distortion of the original intent of a playwright or composer, but also allows the filmmakers create their works with a very significant distortions of the raw material, as well as to use the play or director's script only as a pretext for their own, very arbitrary, "avant-garde", i.e. unfettered imagination. 

DOI: 10.7256/2409-8744.2016.1.17866

Abstract: The subject of study in this article are the "idea" and "morality" as a director effective tools of analysis of the play or the score of the opera. Special attention is paid to the development of clear definitions for each concept with a view to their precise delineation. It is stated that the "idea" and "morality" - fundamentally different from one another, expressed the idea of non-universal "mixing" of these two concepts. Shows the dangers of the concept of substitution of "morality," the concept of "idea" and their implications for the integrity and sense of play. It is emphasized that the engagement, The ideological, sotsiologichnost implemented on stage dramaturgical material just gives the usage of "morality", which is realized through strict delineation of conflicting characters into two adversarial parties. At that time, the use of such a tool, the "idea" significantly expands the possibilities of imaginative director by including in the conflict, without exception, all the actors, without distorting their character and motivations.Method and methodology of the study. The article provides a thorough theoretical analysis to give a strict definition, that is, to identify the characteristic hand, signs, features, characteristics and categories of actions the principle of "idea" and "morality." For this study on a thorough study of the classics of director effective analysis in a Drama and Opera House, the theory of drama and opera directing (a small part of which is shown in the bibliography), with detailed notes and quoting.Novelty and conclusions. The emergence over the last thirty years at the opera and dramatic theater productions, where the director conducted an artificial "updating" of the original classic dramatic material clearly indicates a crisis in the theory of directing. In particular, the absence of clear definitions of the key for the analysis of the play and the score, categories, directors either through ignorance or deliberately mixed the concept of "idea" and "morality" and thus distort the original dramatic vision, bringing deep philosophical works to ideological, partisan grandstanding.