DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2023.4.43726

Abstract: The article presents the results of a focused interview to identify problematic markers of the development of the structural components of subjectivity in the younger generation. The object of the study is the manifestation of the subjectivity of the younger generation in the Internet space. The subject of the study is the problematic markers of the development of youth subjectness in the digital environment. The theoretical significance and novelty of the study lies in the systematization of theoretical ideas about the influence of the digital environment on the development of subjectivity. The practical significance lies in identifying problematic markers for the development of subjectivity in the digital environment, knowledge of which can be used to create a person-centered educational environment. Empirically, the main problematic markers of the development of some structural components of subjectness were identified: individuality, reflection and empathy. The ratio of freedom and responsibility in the digital environment is determined from the point of view of representatives of the younger generation. The results of this study can be used to develop psychological and pedagogical programs aimed at developing the skills of reflection, self-determination, self-realization, emotional regulation, positive self-attitude and empathy.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2023.1.36363

Abstract: The subject of the research is the practice of self-knowledge used in philosophy and psychotherapy. The rich arsenal of self-knowledge methods can be combined into two groups of practices: transcendental-phenomenological and existential-phenomenological. The first practices contribute to the purification of consciousness from the worked–out mental, behavioral schemes, the second ones are aimed at constructing the "I" in accordance with the selected cultural concepts. The purpose of the study is to determine the basic principles of self-knowledge practices and to reveal their potential in the study and construction of the "I". The research is based on phenomenological, narrative and existential approaches that reveal the functional relationship of the subject with the outside world.   The article gives a detailed description of the basic principles of transcendental-phenomenological and existential-phenomenological practices of self-knowledge, assesses the potential of these practices for the disclosure and formation of the "I" of the subject. The main principle of the transcendental-phenomenological practices of self–knowledge is the movement towards a pure stream of consciousness experiences that form the core of the "I". Their ideological basis is the intuitive experience of their own "I" in a state of "liberated" consciousness. Existential-phenomenological practices are carried out through the design and pronouncing of the experience of personal experiences within the framework of selected cultural meanings. The essence of these practices is to clarify self-existence by selecting fixed forms to describe existence, which set the boundaries of the "I". The presented practices effectively complement each other, with the help of transcendental-phenomenological practices, the individual goes beyond the objectified ideas about himself, through existential-phenomenological practices he carries out self-identification.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2019.9.26902

Abstract: The subject of this research is the philosophical practices of existential openness that allow to develop trust to life essential for comprehensive self-enhancement. Existential openness is the ability of an individual to objectively and justly perceive, digest and interpret real events and personal emotions. Objective realization is possible only if an individual gets rid of stereotypes and patterns, overcome disaccord between living and thinking, using meditative practices of Taoism, Buddhism and Zen Buddhism. The study is structured on the basis of comparative analysis of meditative practices in relation to the methods of existential philosophy, phenomenology and humanistic psychology. Meditative practices enhance understanding of openness, acceptance of the world and existence within it. Existential approach helps to identify the profound problems of individual existence associated with realization of unsupportiveness of thinking in a life choice situation. Phenomenological approach contribute to detection of cognitive, speech and behavioral stereotypes of the lifeworld that allow the phenomena to speak for themselves based on their unique meaning. The authors sees the root of the problem in disaccord between living and thinking determined as a “psychological illness” of modern civilization, which main symptom is the desire to assert one’s self in the word, strive for dominance over nature, other people and yourself. Human mind is enslaved by the distorted idea of the due, often implicating a set of social and cultural stereotypes of one or another historical era, rather than philosophical desire to be authentic, open to truth. The article describes the philosophical practices that help to overcome disaccord between living and thinking, which disturbs the objective perception of reality.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2017.10.22289

Abstract: The subject of this research is the philosophical practice of solitude, the essence of which consists in overcoming the fear and accepting the solitude as the basic state of existence, because in every choice an individual is lonesome, and his solitude is aggravated by the sense of insecurity and fear. Despite the severe pressure of life circumstances and surrounding people, a person must follow the call of selfhood. Solitude for him becomes a productive, creative state, revealing the authenticity of existence, giving joy to the acquisition of the meaning of life. The acceptance of solitude does not imply a complete social isolation. Interpersonal relations in the state of loneliness can manifest through love or compassion for another person. Love originates from the comprehension of the common destiny for all people doomed to existential solitude. The research is based on constructivist and phenomenological approaches, substantiated by the internal isolation of consciousness, which leads to the fact that the universal principle of human existence lies in solitude. The subject is incapable of understanding another person, since for him the initial reality is the "Self", while everything else appears as an external projection of the subject. The article provides a detailed explanation of the statement that, in terms of the apparent impossibility of achieving the spiritual unity and understanding between people, which is impeded by the existential solitude, namely it manifests as a "purgatory" through which a person gets through on his path to psychological maturity and spiritual growth. Philosophical practice gives an opportunity to work with solitude. It ceases being perceived as a tragedy, because by accepting the solitude, a person retreats into himself, and thus strengthens his connection with the world and other people.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.12.7332

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2013.3.323

Abstract: The article gives a brief overview of the main trends of constructivism and describes continuity and interaction between these trends in the process of their development. In the process of phenomenological analysis, the author highlights the key constructs which create the basis for these trends and serve as their conceptual elements. These constructs are called "constructivist models of philosophy". The author of the article suggests an optimal method of classifying them in three ways depending on the subject and method of philosophy: constructivist models of phenomenology, evolutionism and structuralism. These areas are the basis for the formation of the methodological principles of constructivism.

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