DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2014.10.1360

Abstract: In article the historical and comparative analysis of a problem of values in philosophy of neokantian philosopher G. Rickert and the populist P. L. Lavrov is given. Value of valuable approach for development of methodology of social and humanitarian knowledge by G. Rickert is shown. Specifics of interpretation of neokantian gnoseology are opened by P. Lavrov. The conclusion that in Lavrov's philosophy value carries out not only gnoseological, but also social function is drawn. The problem of a subjective method is analysed. The conclusion that the subjective method at Lavrov acted not only as a learning tool of social reality, but also as a way of updating of social activity of the personality, a way of updating of practical transformation of social reality is drawn. Principle of historicism, principle of the historical and comparative analysis are applied. Method of dialectic unity historical and logical, abstract and concrete. Hermeneutical methodology, method of the hermeneutic circle are also used. Thus, if Rickert offered a system of values, or reference to value acts as methodological criterion for classification of single historical events, Lavrov offered a system of values not only gnoseological category, but also methodological criterion of "creativity of public forms", practical change of social reality.Lavrov's position differs in a pronounced antropologism and a personalism. The person brings the purpose and the sense constructed on values in society. The person, thus, influences the world, will transform it on a basis developed by it systems of values. Everything depends on the person, system of values which he develops, the world which it will transform on the basis of the values developed by it.

DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2014.4.11696

Abstract: Concept of the people, its role and value of concepts of social development of the largest representatives of narodniks' tradition - A. I. Herzen, M.A.Bakunin, P. L. Lavrov, P. N. Tkachyov. Theoretical justification of the leading role of the Slavic people by Herzen, the Russian people in the history is investigated. The problem of ability of the people at the level of an instinct or at the level of rationality to formation and realization of a public ideal is analyzed.The problem of possibility of educational activity, problem of introduction into the people of rational values is investigated. The following problem is analyzed: people and educated minority, people and revolutionary minority. The influence of Narodniks' definition of 'people' on the Soviet ideology and the modern society is analyzed. This article relies on the principle of historicism, the principle of unity of the historical and logical.The method of the historical and comparative analysis, typological and dialectic methods is used. The historical and comparative analysis of concept of the people is made, evolution of this concept of historical prospect is opened. The conclusion that the concept the people within narodnichesky ideology made the most various sense is drawn: from investment with its certain aprioristic, metaphysical, instinctive qualities and abilities, to a complete negation of any abilities to social activity. The conclusion that narodnichesky approaches to concept the people entered the Soviet ideology in peculiar interpreted look is drawn and safely existed in the Soviet society.